中国人要注意的学术文章的写作注意要点
以我在美求学的经验，向大家提一些尽量可以避免的写作常识问题，希望对大家的考试，乃至以后赴美求学的漫漫征程有所裨益。'?g2d1zj_ [Ki O
时间所限，不可能写全，但是我会不断补充的。还有在文章中引用的那些片断，并没有攻击作者的意思，只不过拿出来和大家探讨一下。希望被引用的作者谅解，
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[b]1。避免使用反问句、设问句。特别是作者也没有答案的问题。[/b]
例如： [color=blue]What’s the objective of the information? Is it to make people more confused and astray? I partly agree with the author’s contention that the enormous and otiose information sometimes render people lose their way and fail to consider question penetratingly and originally.[/color]
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在作文的开头就扔出两个问题，然后接下来的陈述却与问题基本毫无干系。作为读者，首先要考虑那两个问题的答案到底是什么，然后才能往下读。这些在中文里可能会被评作“引人入胜”的好词好句，在英语的论文写作里面，可以说是最大的败笔之一。如果你一定要问问题的话，那就改成陈述句式，例如：Whether this issue is right or wrong? 可以改成：It has been a controversial issue that.....
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[b]2。避免集中使用"Be"动词，包括is, are, has been, have been, etc. [/b]
即使GRE考题statement里面有很多"Be"动词，你也要避免照抄，因为statement是浅显地告诉你一个idea，而不是向你展示writing。
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例如：[color=blue]What [color=red]is[/color] the purpose of education? Some people may say that the purpose of education should [color=red]be[/color] to create a totally academic environment that separates from the outside world, for, they think, this situation allows students to focus on their academic research work without [color=red]being disturbed [/color]by practical concerns. In fact, this suggestion[color=red] is [/color]harmful to the scientific research work.[/color]
这是某一篇文章的开头。我们现在只是分析语法问题。作者除了要注意不要使用疑问句以外，还有很重要的一点：总共两三句话，出现4个"Be"动词。这种写法，在英语里面被称作"non-act"的动词。"Be" 仅仅表示一种状态，例如："i am here", "you are there". 对于母语者来说，"Be"动词其实就是写在纸上，而没有任何感情色彩。所以应该尽量避免成篇累牍地使用。我们的例子可以改为：9A ~*~W(u9q
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[color=red]Some people argue that the purpose of education lies in its strength in creating a totally academic environment separated from the outside world. They think this situation allows students to focus on academic research by excluding outside disturbance from practical concerns. However, this suggestion in fact does harm to the scientific research work.[/color]
我们可以看到，使用了lie in, exclude, do harm to以后，句子更有色彩了。*@ kapv a,^-t
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[b]3。尽量避免重复使用单词或者词组。特别是近距离集中在某一两句话里使用。[/b] cM5ZA wy:|^
例如：[color=blue]The author argues that to understand [color=red]one[/color]’s own [color=purple]culture[/color], [color=red]one[/color] must know about at least [color=red]one[/color] another [color=purple]culture[/color] which is distinctly different from [color=red]one[/color]’s own [color=purple]culture[/color]. While as I am concerned, I can’t agree with the author’s assertion.[/color]
这一个开头，总共两行字，却连续出现了4个One，3个culture。如果你把这段话大声朗读一下，就会觉得别扭、好笑了。连续使用相同的单词或者词组（包括短句），体现的是作者词汇量匮乏，写作风格较差，遣词造句能力不强。给读者的感觉就是昏昏欲睡。
很容易的我们就可以改正：.U:a4r9a @
[color=red]The author argues that the knowledge of another distinctly different culture helps us to truly understand our own. However, I disagree with this assertion.[/color]L0w } ]OG
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这句话把原来的三句分句合成了并无冗长感觉的一句。精简的同时，也恰当地避免了重复多次使用culture，one的问题。用了"this assertion"，也避免了在近距离使用两个"author"。
[b]4。避免使用从句套从句的超长句子。[/b]
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学术性的文章，应当避免追求华丽词藻和句型。作为非母语者，我们在语感上面已经处于劣势。为了避免缺乏语感而造成的很多语法上面、句子结构上面的小失误，我们更应该尽量避免使用长句。看了很多作者的文章，长句造成的后果通常有：单复数混淆，it、that指代不清，从句两头时态不符，连接介词错误，等等。2J |7ZP!f/|
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例如：[color=blue]Things happened in the past, known as history, is great treasure for us huan beings, through and only through studying the past can we gain valuable experience which serves as a means of guiding our development of the society.[/color]
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例子中作者用了3处逗号，而事实上面，从句间关系并非密不可分。我们可以很轻松的分成三句话，作者写得安心，读者读得舒心，做到真正的言必达意。
[color=red]History consists of the things happened in the past and it is a great treasure to human beings. Through and only through studying the past thoroughly can we gain valuable experience from history. The historical experience serves as a means of guidance for the new development in the society.[/color]%y L/L ]\7^'_#{
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[b]5。避免陈词滥调等废话[/b]6A[&T\%k&[
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例如：[color=blue]For getting a satisfying score, students have to prepare for and review their texts frequently, remember all the knowledge they have learned deep in mind, enlarge their learning if it is possible and so on, especially when examinations are coming. All these efforts, [color=red]no matter what their aims are[/color], will surely lead to a corresponding paying back.[/color]o&a0I/J%Z*CY
段中的这一句"no matter what their aims are"，在整个上下文表达上面没有任何实质性的意义，完完全全是句废话。/ly ]gmz vKX%r
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[[i] Last edited by gordonmwu on 2004-4-21 at 10:41 [/i]]
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6.避免出现"I"这个词
作为一个版主到现在才发现这篇文章,实在是让人惭愧.......我再加一点吧,就是这个"I".我们现在写的东西是议论文,越能让别人觉得客观性强越好.如果一篇文章里到处都是什么"I think"啊之类的会让人觉得主观感觉相对太强,自己感受一下就明白了;~~~所以以后少用一些~,或者是换个句子表达最好~b+?-gp tQ
[[i] 本帖最后由 tigerdavid 于 2007-1-14 22:24 编辑 [/i]] 感谢分享你的心得！*Y7M r? ]0S%o!Z
考前我还特意把它作成签名档，以便经常提醒自己呢::96w `_ u(c(p|Za|
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[[i] Last edited by fishergirl on 2004-4-24 at 00:42 [/i]] 嗯，希望你早日完工。 呵呵，每天增加一条新的问题分析。 辛苦楼主了~
支持！ 楼主辛苦了！！！！！
期待着你的下文... ... 我也还期待啦....希望和你讨论讨论...虽然有些说得有点绝对..还是支持你啦!!!..::D... 呵呵，这两天生病中，不能改太多了。见谅。 [quote]Originally posted by [i]gordonmwu[/i] at 2004-4-21 10:43 AM:g!ht5_#I)I-|{
呵呵，这两天生病中，不能改太多了。见谅。 [/quote]
::10嘿嘿，大叔好好休息哈~~~~~ ..[quote]Originally posted by [i]TTQQ[/i] at 2004-4-22 01:00 PM:w6q EIn-N
::10嘿嘿，大叔好好休息哈~~~~~ [/quote]8avb;r1MX3R-l S:d
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::3::3........你这是什么话.....真是倚小卖小... 身体最重要：）
突然发现这个帖子里，除了我，都是有头衔的牛，汗~~~~~ 怎么没下文了？
thank you for your sharing :)
::PZkt%u U)H@will you please upload a complete word file to satisfy all of us?:Xhc U]1ax
eager to read your complete work [quote]Originally posted by [i]fishergirl[/i] at 2004-4-24 12:45 AM:
身体最重要：）Q6h {(E b r v]
突然发现这个帖子里，除了我，都是有头衔的牛，汗~~~~~ [/quote]Z.E5x8GR
没头衔的很多呢::19
我也没有头衔
我也是新手上路感谢
感谢楼主，继续期待我是新来的
请多关照 K/@L4H2z4{(b6k,E哈哈 thanks 谢谢，我好像就写过设问句的！！嗬嗬 我新来的,请多多关照! 反例就像是我写的,I b d,H2O,L1Q$I
汗一把！！！！ 谢谢楼主啊！！1 看到了，看到了……谢谢啦lSDT^6l y
不过好象很就没更新了：)P 醍醐灌顶,4,6级的作文就是这么写的,汗^^^
提问
在那里可以找到大量的英文例子 哎呀，一定要灌水才能下载，苦了我这只菜鸟！：（ 挖哈哈~~~再支持我大叔一下~~无比强啊。。。 很感谢楼主啊 楼住加油啊，我们期望着呢8}:mA*Pr(zd \有个问题，如果不用长难句，怎么体现GRE评分标准中说的要用多种变化的句式和结构呢，只用简单句也写不精彩啊？？ it's useful suggestion, thanks so much~~~~~i will attent the GRE writing text next week~~~ 说的到位！ 恩 多说两句，多说两句吧，我最喜欢看到这样有指导性的文字了！
100%的新手
谢谢楼主，我只有两周多准备作文， 真希望能有时间多看些好帖子阿，受益匪浅：） Thank for the host. 非常感谢~ 发现一篇好文章~~~ 总结的真好，多谢分享！楼主加油啊