95.        (29661-!-item-!-188;#058&003962)

Unlike frogs that metamorphose from tadpoles into adults within a one-year period, it takes three to four years for the mountain yellow-legged frog of the Sierra Nevada to reach adulthood, and so they are restricted to deeper bodies of water that do not dry up in summer or freeze solid in winter.

(A) it takes three to four years for the mountain yellow-legged frog of the Sierra Nevada to reach adulthood, and so they are
(B) it takes the mountain yellow-legged frog of the Sierra Nevada three to four years until it reaches adulthood, and therefore it is
(C) in the Sierra Nevada, mountain yellow-legged tree frogs take three to four years to reach adulthood, thus being
(D) mountain yellow-legged frogs of the Sierra Nevada take three to four years until they reach adulthood, thus
(E) mountain yellow-legged frogs of the Sierra Nevada take three to four years to reach adulthood, and so they are

这里选E而不选D，请问除了take。。。to的习惯用法之外，后面加分词和加句子有什么讲究吗？谢谢！

D 错是因为 thus 是副词而不是连词，所以必须要有 and 在前面，不然就连不起来了。

thus restricted 不对吗？
那 thus being restricted反而对？
不是更加罗嗦吗

Thus restricted 是不对的，因为没有主语。但是更大的问题是这个分句没有连词。

请问为什么thus being restricted 就对？当他们是分词不行吗？
谢谢了

Thus being restricted 也是错的。Thus 后面是要分句，不能是 participle phrase。通常 participle phrase 在主分句前面，如果在后，是要有特别的意思的。例如：

It takes three to four years for the frog to reach adulthood, being restricted to deeper bodies of water that do not dry up in summer or freeze solid in winter.  这句的意思就是说，因为那些青蛙必须在深水里面，所以要四年才能够发育完毕。Participle phrase 就是有原因的含义，所以不能在这里用的。

有连词的时候,只可以省略主语,而动词是要留下的. 用ing 或 被动式