wise91575

thanks a lot.

husophystan

2.2

husophystan

2.3

husophystan

hz911224

Well, in answer to your question, severalwomen actively participated in the Civil War. The one that comes immediately tomind is Mary Walker. She's important because she's the only woman ever to beawarded the Congressional Medal of Honor. As youknow, this medal is given to people who've served the United States withexceptional bravery.
) F( @- w( ]+ g" |9 V

In addition, she was the only femalephysician in either of the two armies that fought in that war. Even though she hadtwo medical degrees, many officers made her life difficultbecause they didn't believe that a woman should be a doctor. However, sherefused to back down and leave the army. In fact, she riskedher life several times during the war and was even captured at one point, but she was soon released.

Umm, after the war, she was arrested several times for wearing pants. And although Congress eventually tried to takeher medal away, she refused to give it back and continued to wear it wherevershe went. She died in 1919, a year before women received the right to vote, whichbrings me to my next point.

Pants 紧身短衬裤

hz911224

So, you see, physicalillness can have psychological causes.Now, we just have time to introduce another interesting example of the interaction between the mind and the body ---placebos. Placebos --- maybe you've heard them called sugar pills --- are harmless substances --- notalways sugar --- that are used routinely on groups of sickpeople in experiments. These experiments testthe effectiveness of new drugs. One group isgiven the new drug, the other group is given a placebo,and the results aremeasured.
, V+ M3 z" N* G; B7 M# T. S* T

As you might guess, some of the people whoreceive the new drug get better. Surprisingly, however, some of the placebogroup also get better. Why? Well, it's an interesting question, one which doctorscan't quite answer. Some of the group may havegotten better on their own, without any treatment at all, but research hasshown that the very act of taking a medicationthat you think will make you better, often does make you feel better. Have you eventaken an aspirin and felt better in fiveminutes? Aspirin doesn't work that fast, does it? [falling intonation] Basically, if youbelieve you will get better --- sometimes you do.

The history of howdoctors and healers have used the mind-body connection to cure people is longand interesting --- but I see that it's time toclose, so I'll have tocover this in the next class. You'll have to hold yourquestions on this topic till then.... Before yougo, I have some handouts for you concerning the midterm exams next week.

Placebo  安慰剂

Routinely 日常地

Effectiveness 有效性

Cover   讲完，通过

转角即天涯

husophystan

2.5

husophystan

2.6

husophystan

2.7

husophystan

今天返校，以后就天天传听力了。听了86篇了，还有14篇，这本书就搞定了。。麻木中。。。。。

zhf1219

队长队员们辛苦了！谢谢你们无私奉献啦！

hz911224

I hope you've all finished reading theassigned chapter on insurance-so that you'reprepared for our discussion today. But, before we start, I'd like to mention afew things your text doesn't go into.7 W/ ?3 O8 R# M

It's interesting to note that insurance hasexisted in some form for a very long time. The earliest insurance policies werecalled bottomry contracts. They providedshipping protection for merchants as far back as3000 B.C.

In general, the contracts were often nomore than verbal agreements. They granted loans to merchants with theunderstanding that if a particular shipment of goods was lost atsea, the loan didn't have to be repaid. Interest on the loans varied accordingto how risky it was to transport the goods.During periods of heavy piracy at sea, forexample, the amount of interest and the cost of the policywent up considerably.

So, you can see how insurance helpedencourage international trade. Even the most cautious merchants became willingto risk shipping their goods over long distances-not to mention in hazardousweather conditions-when they had this kind of protection available.

Generally speaking, the basic form of aninsurance policy has been pretty much the same since the Middle Ages. These are four points that were salient then and remain paramount in all policiestoday. There were outlined in chapter six and willserve as the basis for the rest of today's discussion. Can anyone tellme what one of those points might be?

Bottomry  以船做抵押的贷款

Piracy  海上掠夺

Salient  显著的

LOVER_GAGA

今天开始听老托第一篇。。错不少呀但是我要加油坚持~

husophystan

惨不忍睹啊 、、、

hz911224

Located at the NASA Research Center in Iowa is a 5,000-gallon vat of water, and inside the tank is an underwatertreadmill designed by Dava Newman, an aerospace engineer. For four years Newmanobserved scuba divers as they simulated walkingon the Moon and on Mars on her underwater moving belt. She wanted to discoverhow the gravity of the Moon and of Mars would affect human movement.  D2 M' A5 A4 n* C! @

To do this, Newman attached weights to thedivers and then lowered them into the tank and onto the treadmill. These weightswere carefully adjusted so that the divers could experience underwater thegravity of the Moon and of Mars as they walked on the treadmill. Newmanconcluded that walking on Mars will probably be easier than walking on theMoon. The Moon has less gravity than Mars does, so at lunar gravity, the diversstruggled to keep their balance and walked awkwardly. But at Martian gravity, the divers had greater traction andstability and could easily adjust to a pace of 1.5 miles per hour. As Newmangradually increased the speed of the treadmill, the divers took longer,graceful strides until they comfortably settled into an even quicker pace.Newman also noted that at Martian gravity, the divers needed less oxygen.

The data Newman collected will help in the future design of Martian space suits. Comparedto lunar space suits, Martian space suits will require smaller air tanks; and,to allow for freer movement, the elbow and kneeareas of the space suits will also be altered.

Iowa 爱荷华州

Vat 大桶

Scuba  水下呼吸气，水肺

Martian 火星的

ID�iS�

husophystan

husophystan

husophystan

xiong12

  _  m! ^- {! ]1 _0 H7 {# A0 n" `( J- {( M( h" F
今天开始，每天坚持！6 I" W  L" N* M
listen to a talk given  by the dean of a school of education. community service is important component of (conponned) education here at our(year about) university. We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. A new community program called one on one help elementary (while salematri) students who fallen  (follow) behind. Your education majors might( must) be especially interested in (special intrusting) because it offers (the office of) opportunity to do some teaching that is tutoring in  math and English . You'd have to (unite) volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a child with math, English  or both , Half-hour lessons are (after an hour listen) fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week. Professor Dogde will act as a mentor to the tutors,he'll be available to help you with lessons plans,or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. You can sign up for  the program with him and begin the tutoring  next week. I am show you'll enjoy the community service,and you'll gain valuable experience at the same time. It looks good on your resume,too-showing that you've had experience with children and that you care about your community. If you'd like to sign up or if you have any questions,stop by Prof. Dodge's .
0 V2 N9 v3 p2 R/ n