16. During the Second World War, about 375,000 civilians died in the United States and about
408,000 members of the United States armed forces died overseas. On the basis the those
figures, it can be concluded that it was not much more dangerous to be overseas in the armed
forces during the Second World War than it was to stay at home as a civilian.
Which of the following would reveal most clearly the absurdity of the conclusion drawn above?
A. Counting deaths among members of the armed forces who served in the United State in
addition to deaths among members of the armed forces serving overseas
B. Expressing the difference between the numbers of deaths among civilians and members
of the armed forces as a percentage of the total number of deaths
C. Separating deaths caused by accidents during service in the armed forces from deaths
caused by combat injuries
D. Comparing death rates per thousand members of each group rather than comparing total
numbers of deaths
E. Comparing deaths caused by accidents in the United States to deaths caused by combat
in the armed forces
16.
Concluding from the similar numbers of deaths in two groups that the relative danger of death
was similar for both groups is absurd if, as here, one group was far smaller. D exposes this
absurdity by pointing out the need to compare death rates of the two groups, which would
reveal the higher death rate for the smaller group. Therefore, D is the best answer. Since the
conclusion acknowledges the difference between the number of civilian and armed forces
deaths, expressing this difference as a percentage, as suggested by B, is beside the point. A is
inappropriate because it simply adds a third group to the two being compared. Because cause
of death in not at issue, C and E are irrelevant.


这个对于正确答案的解释我没有看懂，请指教

请教狒狒逻辑5. A recent report determined that although only three percent of drivers on Maryland highways equipped their vehicles with radar detectors, thirty-three percent of all vehicles ticketed for exceeding the speed limit were equipped with them. Clearly, drivers who equip their vehicles with radar detectors are more likely to exceed the speed limit regularly than are drivers who do not.
The conclusion drawn above depends on which of the following assumptions?
(A) Drivers who equip their vehicles with radar detectors are less likely to be ticketed for exceeding the speed limit than are drivers who do not.
(B) Drivers who are ticketed for exceeding the speed limit are more likely to exceed the speed limit regularly than are drivers who are not ticketed. 不是很明白这个讲解，为什么这个是答案呀，请高人翻译一下再讲解，多谢
(C) The number of vehicles that were ticketed for exceeding the speed limit was greater than the number of vehicles that were equipped with radar detectors.
(D) Many of the vehicles that were ticketed for exceeding the speed limit were ticketed more than once in the time period covered by the report.
(E) Drivers on Maryland highways exceeded the speed limit more often than did drivers on other state highways not covered in the report.

24. If there is an oil-supply disruption resulting in higher international oil prices, domestic oil



prices in open-market countries such as the United States will rise as well, whether such



countries import all or none of their oil.   



If the statement in the passage concerning oil-supply disruptions is true, which of the following



policies in an open-market nation is most likely to reduce the long-term economic impact on



that nation of sharp and unexpected increases in international oil prices?



A. Maintaining the quantity of oil imported at constant yearly levels



B. Increasing the number of oil tankers in its fleet



C. Suspending diplomatic relations with major oil-producing nations



D. Decreasing oil consumption through conservation 没明白问题问的什么，是说经济影响了油价还是油价影响了经济？



E. Decreasing domestic production of oil



24.



If the statement about oil-supply disruption is true, domestic oil prices in an open-market



country will rise when an oil-supply disruption causes increased international oil prices. D



reduction in the amount of oil an open-market country consumes could reduce the economic



impact of these increases. D gives a way to reduce oil consumption and is thus the best



answer. A and E describe policies that could actually increase the long-term impact of



increases in international oil prices, so neither of these choices is appropriate. No relationship



is established between the economic impact and either the number of oil tankers or diplomatic



relations in B and C, so neither of these choices is appropriate.

30. The price the government pays for standard weapons purchased from military contractors
is determined by a pricing method called “historical costing.” Historical costing allows
contractors to protect their profits by adding a percentage increase, based on the current rate
of inflation, to the previous year’s contractual price.
Which of the following statements, if true, is the best basis for a criticism of historical costing as an economically sound pricing method for military contracts?
A. The government might continue to pay for past inefficient use of funds.
B. The rate of inflation has varied considerably over the past twenty years.
C. The contractual price will be greatly affected by the cost of materials used for the products.
D. Many taxpayers question the amount of money the government spends on military
contracts.
E. The pricing method based on historical costing might not encourage the development of
innovative weapons.
30.
If the original contractual price for the weapons purchased incorporated an inefficient use of
funds, then, since historical costing merely adds to the original price, it preserves these
inefficiencies. An economically sound pricing method should at least allow the possibility of
reductions in price as such inefficiencies are removed. Hence, A is the best answer.

30题的题目和解释都是什么意思呢？

13. Defense Department analysts worry that the ability of the United States to wage a
prolonged war would be seriously endangered if the machine-tool manufacturing base shrinks
further. Before the Defense Department publicly connected this security issue with the import
quota issue, however, the machine-tool industry raised the national security issue in its petition
for import quotas.

Which of the following, if true, contributes most to an explanation of the machine-tool industry’s
raising the issue above regarding national security?
A. When the aircraft industries retooled, they provided a large amount of work for too
builders.
B. The Defense Department is only marginally concerned with the effects of foreign
competition on the machine-tool industry.
C. The machine-tool industry encountered difficulty in obtaining governmental protection
against imports on grounds other than defense.
D. A few weapons important for defense consist of parts that do not require extensive
machining.
E. Several federal government programs have been designed which will enable domestic
machine-tool manufacturing firms to compete successfully with foreign toolmakers.

答案是c，但是我不明白原文的第一句话和做这道题有什么关系，起到了什么作用呀？

16. During the Second World War, about 375,000 civilians died in the United States and about 408,000 members of the United States armed forces died overseas. On the basis of those figures, it can be concluded that it was not much more dangerous to be overseas in the armed forces during the Second World War than it was to stay at home as a civilian.
Which of the following would reveal most clearly the absurdity of the conclusion drawn above?
A. Counting deaths among members of the armed forces who served in the United State in addition to deaths among members of the armed forces serving overseas
B. Expressing the difference between the numbers of deaths among civilians and members of the armed forces as a percentage of the total number of deaths
C. Separating deaths caused by accidents during service in the armed forces from deaths caused by combat injuries
D. Comparing death rates per thousand members of each group rather than comparing total numbers of deaths
E. Comparing deaths caused by accidents in the United States to deaths caused by combat in the armed forces

Concluding from the similar numbers of deaths in two groups that the relative danger of death was similar for both groups is absurd if, as here, one group was far smaller.  D exposes this absurdity by pointing out the need to compare death rates of the two groups, which would reveal the higher death rate for the smaller group.  Therefore, D is the best answer. Since the conclusion acknowledges the difference between the number of civilian and armed forces deaths, expressing this difference as a percentage, as suggested by B, is beside the point.  A is inappropriate because it simply adds a third group to the two being compared.  Because cause of death in not at issue, C and E are irrelevant.

这个对于正确答案的解释我没有看懂，请指教

想想：什么叫做 more dangerous？用什么来比较的？

[ 本帖最后由 Asrgbf 于 2008-7-28 20:21 编辑 ]