brevity
/ r2 z& q+ k& Vbrev.i.ty/ x2 U# u6 U' z9 N
AHD:[brµv“¹-t¶] 8 p4 }$ w3 `% y! q
D.J.[6breviti8]# w6 Q) V3 n2 M( S% P
K.K.[6brWv!ti]
* n) y. q9 T2 T, y5 Rn.（名词）
% w7 X6 O# \, O3 F3 z: X3 w' S- eThe quality or state of being brief in duration.
9 B2 z! i4 O* g7 \6 B$ f2 v短促，短暂：在时间上简暂的性质或状态" Z; s2 }, w4 y) m. T0 b( m
Concise expression; terseness.
2 t' L8 V% z1 x+ W6 v. p& M简短：表达简明扼要；简短

brittle
/ d+ u/ A0 ^0 Y6 h# {( I% d8 cbrit.tle
7 U6 Z8 D; o% z' U  bAHD:[br¹t“l] 4 \# f- u* U& ~: |. v& C8 A
D.J.[6britl]; T5 J- e+ C1 |/ y0 ^
K.K.[6br!tl]6 i% _  z$ r4 p1 `8 k+ R: J
adj.（形容词）
- {1 E6 P" ]% W: A1 O0 ]brit.tler， brit.tlest
" A# i/ ]9 j, o4 }- D9 JLikely to break, snap, or crack, as when subjected to pressure:
2 H9 R7 h, Z% b0 B易碎的：如受压后可能打碎、断裂或打破的：
# I- V( ]7 i9 ~brittle bones.
$ p- U1 i$ D- l8 q易碎的骨头+ F1 q5 n5 I3 Q( J$ c
Easily disrupted:3 {! N6 ^) Q8 K) X
易破裂的：
" t) `5 t; j$ T, w7 Z8 qa brittle relationship between husband and wife.See Synonyms at fragile
1 Y" h1 w) i5 J) f% Z# ?容易破裂的夫妻关系参见 fragile
  s+ ~+ ]2 n! sDifficult to deal with; snappish:
( n+ o* M  M+ S" M% u  {& R难以相处的；尖刻暴躁的：2 m- Y( U8 K" f
a brittle disposition., t& I: J' N1 Q
难以相处的性情' R  i' ^- O1 ~5 S4 h4 G" y
Lacking warmth of feeling; cold:5 q3 L3 t/ Y: t
冷淡的：缺乏温情的；冷淡的：
5 E' t# v5 s& }% f! K  gThe duchess, though well-known as a society hostess, conveyed an unmistakably brittle air.1 L$ f/ A" N5 `7 z* V6 w/ E! u
公爵夫人虽然是有名的社交界女主人，却明显流露出冷冰冰的表情* c9 q8 ?5 y- x. z
Brilliantly sharp, as in percussive sound.% D& l: }3 S. v/ X
尖利的，如打击乐声2 y* F1 R/ V! _2 v" d& w' |  ^- I4 V
Perishable.- L5 w1 i% Y$ R) w0 T
终有一死的
1 I: q& @* s) m9 n) q( mFleeting; transitory.) Q9 P2 x& f$ J) U6 h2 {
短暂的；一闪即逝的
% S3 d% r4 k! f" b3 i# V5 I6 tn.（名词）! p7 h- V  w3 H& P* m
A confection of caramelized sugar to which nuts are added:
- U4 S* I7 t! q: K果仁薄脆糖：坚果加于熔焦的糖上而制成的甜食：9 ^/ r! [9 q6 V) E/ F6 B
walnut brittle.
, A, `8 }9 a$ A核桃薄脆糖

camouflage
4 Q: R7 a, r" z( P  x! Ocam.ou.flage+ L; L6 C# ?* t
AHD:[k²m“…-fläzh”, -fläj”]
7 T: n7 e) _5 p4 g3 z/ V% UD.J.[6k#m*7fl$89, -7fl$8d9]6 f- z: H, S+ N
K.K.[6k#m*7fl$9, -7fl$d9]
1 O9 k/ ?  Y! _, d* G' H( Q; mn.（名词）3 G2 H; a) t( O% r/ R) r- m; O
The method or result of concealing personnel or equipment from an enemy by making them appear to be part of the natural surroundings.
. R6 Z; o1 _1 [  ?0 O0 |9 T+ I伪装，掩饰：通过使人或设施看起来像自然环境的一部分来隐藏他们不被敌人觉察的方法或结果
9 `6 s* m4 b9 H& T. gConcealment by disguise or protective coloring.  T2 D: ~- \1 c
掩饰：通过伪装或保护色来隐蔽9 q5 f2 s5 ^) P& Y; E
Fabric or a garment dyed in splotches of green, brown, tan, and black so as to make the wearer indistinguishable from the surrounding environment.
: b4 k$ M( V8 b8 E" X& }/ f) B. {迷彩服：将织物或衣物染成有绿色、棕色、褐色和黑色的斑纹，从而使穿戴者不易被从周围环境中区分开来
% w+ k- y  f+ J# a5 N! ]1 Uv.（动词）5 Z  Y7 m+ U$ d% F8 H9 [
cam.ou.flaged， cam.ou.flag.ing， cam.ou.flag.es
; b0 ]8 r9 Z5 w0 |7 J* u. E6 Pv.tr.（及物动词）  H9 f% R& W% d% k5 ^, f6 `
To conceal by the use of disguise or by protective coloring or garments that blend in with the surrounding environment.
  |) T8 T/ j3 R0 k; u1 V+ n1 l伪装：通过伪装或保护色或与周围环境融为一体的迷彩服装来隐藏' N' U, g+ Q: |) P
To conceal, usually through misrepresentation or other artifice:
  r# u9 q) [+ E$ I# H( i掩饰：隐藏，通常是通过曲解、歪曲或其它手段：
$ u* N6 ]5 t1 V& @& ncamouflaged their hatred with professions of friendship.See Synonyms at disguise
  [6 n! Y% Q# ^# g% B用表明友好的手段来隐瞒他们所憎之人参见 disguise: m( j5 k# l3 v7 ~- V
v.intr.（不及物动词）+ o8 P5 P* I5 C* s8 D) y  l
To use protective coloring or garments for concealment.
3 b: \8 U9 x$ l伪装：使用保护色或衣物来隐藏

capricious$ _/ X0 G5 ?. w# r6 y* k& p; D
ca.pri.cious
, y; R3 D( }  }" G: j! B" j0 }5 {. Q$ HAHD:[k…-pr¹sh“…s, -pr¶“sh…s]
- J# h+ J' _4 Q/ S7 VD.J.[k*6pri.*s, -6pri8.*s]
: o) ~7 }2 S  A  Q. N- R* hK.K.[k*6pr!.*s, -6pri.*s]
: C6 p$ n9 M3 g! m2 K3 G  E% radj.（形容词）4 U7 g$ Q% ^2 U3 G4 t3 R8 }4 ^
Characterized by or subject to whim; impulsive and unpredictable.See Synonyms at arbitrary
' Y2 e: ]$ m# R% U9 _( p! O反复无常的，多变的：具有奇异念头的特征的或易产生这类念头的；易冲动和不可预料的参见 arbitrary

capture, u  q& G( S* W. Y+ F
cap.ture
! c8 C$ V! e3 ]AHD:[k²p“ch…r] ( p- y: o6 ]. W
D.J.[6k#pt.*]: _( G$ @' G+ b( f# t5 C! l
K.K.[6k#pt.+]5 H, D3 w4 y% {  E) s
v.tr.（及物动词）$ G! R/ ~1 y/ O3 ^8 [
cap.tured， cap.tur.ing， cap.tures& j; b9 M. i$ v8 I( h
To take captive, as by force or craft; seize.
( ^7 I; D& J" e, Q/ J. \# l' N俘虏：俘虏，如通过武力或诡计；捕获& z! m! p- l$ ]- \1 ~" o" F/ F
To gain possession or control of, as in a game or contest:3 p' L( ~+ N. k3 M4 q' b! |
赢得，夺取：赢得对…的占有或控制，如在游戏或竞赛中：
/ K- j; m# }, Q6 P' p/ a" b6 Ecapture the queen in chess; captured the liberal vote.& J; B& ~% `3 j& h/ R9 _
下国际象棋时吃掉王后；赢得自由党的选票8 C0 L* p0 U) L# P( R  b! ]
To attract and hold:
3 z7 N- i. P3 Q! Z引起（注意）并吸引住：
7 g2 c! i3 p$ @, ~  [/ ntales of adventure that capture the imagination.
# s! a$ e: S9 k/ S* d引起想象的探险故事
) b* G5 c6 X& \) G5 _To succeed in preserving in lasting form:
$ T. g( W* F9 U$ X  {成功地长久保存：
. o6 t: k9 m7 [' H4 y9 H3 j  [capture a likeness in a painting.
+ O2 f$ Y( l/ r3 e保存一幅油画中的人物肖像
2 w5 u8 }; J  Z# Rn.（名词）" I7 T7 ~! h: U( Y/ r
The act of catching, taking, or winning, as by force or skill.% C# U2 w9 b$ b. S* n" [
俘获，赢得：抓获、攫取或夺得，如通过武力或技艺
  L' c6 E+ v2 g: n, iOne that has been seized, caught, or won; a catch or prize.+ |& @' ]6 r8 S: s
俘虏，奖品：被抓获、逮住或赢得的人；捕获物或战利品- }0 H- m) a/ _+ F- d% @6 H
Physics The phenomenon in which an atom or a nucleus absorbs a subatomic particle, often with the subsequent emission of radiation.3 F: h5 N* a& T
【物理学】 俘获：一种原子或原子核吸收亚原子粒子的现象，随后常伴有辐射现象

carpenter
6 L. P3 V  y+ a# d6 a' u4 ^car.pen.ter
  c( ?6 b: t& c0 A. J6 U+ m" WAHD:[kär“p…n-t…r]
: Y- @; U9 B( ?. k$ g+ ED.J.[6k$8p*nt*]
  O! l3 F. Z. k9 J  WK.K.[6k$p*nt+]+ n0 V8 ]5 ~5 p/ p( `! E/ b
n.（名词）
- M: W0 H5 J  x. F. n+ T$ f( yA skilled worker who makes, finishes, and repairs wooden objects and structures.
0 ]4 U# T) u- ~& |: m& R5 T木匠，木工：一种技术工人，制作，完成并修理木质物件和木质结构) C$ x& _  s# J( W
v.（动词）
; P% l1 e7 a$ a5 e! j  V" O+ ~car.pen.tered， car.pen.ter.ing， car.pen.ters
- W3 o. g5 j6 o! s0 c& F6 |v.tr.（及物动词）
; u5 G/ l8 p+ ?! f; ?! ?0 _/ a9 }( u+ FTo make, finish, or repair (wooden structures).
' l3 ^( @" x: B4 T+ m$ y制作、完成或修理（木质结构）& U: v+ b2 u* |0 v/ o
v.intr.（不及物动词）
/ ~2 [9 s5 b/ f% KTo work as a carpenter.
6 f) y- `2 n1 m) T% ?) e做木工活，当木匠

carve: j/ K8 x+ V: k/ K% _- E
carve9 }3 ?. A1 {6 F& i, }" l2 A
AHD:[kärv] 3 v1 h- K; u$ |! \2 Z" o
D.J.[k$8v]! ?- v1 W7 L7 y% O9 J: Q
K.K.[k$v]
: P* K5 X! W4 z% t' t2 |v.（动词）
% o3 [% ^( i  s6 n8 l' X$ hcarved， carv.ing， carves3 v9 _6 `/ f( e' g8 }& o
v.tr.（及物动词）: h+ \& W2 z5 N; ^3 q4 a+ `5 J
To divide into pieces by cutting; slice:
) [+ t# ]1 R4 x& N$ \! O切成薄片：通过切来分成数片；切成片：
% g7 |! w' l. }, `" {+ Z0 s' L) y3 Z: ~carve a roast turkey.
5 O( W& F# H4 t5 I0 P把烤火鸡切成薄片
, }2 \! w3 H- E5 s- {- wTo divide by parceling out:
4 p( ?, H5 E" j) i1 A% D" k# a分割：通过划成部分来分开：
3 r" o* @! l- t- b% R6 o- icarve up an estate.6 r0 `2 A, y. ~, ]
分割地产( V* T! Y- S- o" J
To cut into a desired shape; fashion by cutting:3 t2 l6 I/ q; n5 m
雕刻：切割成一种想要的形状；通过切刻来塑造：8 V- G; K/ g5 q8 c6 I; v
carve the wood into a figure.
# k3 J$ L+ J5 x' ?. e刻木成像: D0 n% R9 S+ _. P! Y9 c9 O' \
To make or form by or as if by cutting:' l  q! M2 g& T: O9 A" g
创制，开创：通过或似通过雕刻来制作或创造：  R  s7 }$ E7 J6 e. T* a
carve initials in the bark; carved out an empire.6 Z: a/ q( W0 ?4 Y
把名字的首字母刻在树皮上；开创出一个帝国
9 j6 E6 b# O- P' UTo decorate by cutting and shaping carefully.8 z' E' b& A2 I! f- ?
雕饰：通过仔细雕刻和塑造来装饰
- E4 C. d& l) k4 Z5 a6 G' R4 jv.intr.（不及物动词）
* z& R- T8 F% g( o& L# U3 \3 QTo engrave or cut figures as an art, a hobby, or a trade.
. P# q! _: E" m雕塑：把雕刻塑像作为一种艺术、爱好或商业行为1 q2 x0 N3 ~0 l  y" G8 z* s
To disjoint, slice, and serve meat or poultry.( Y3 y- `0 d: t! [2 [: B( f4 n+ [5 w
切片：把肉或家禽切成片和食用

catalyst# e# [  b# a: }5 Q( K
cat.a.lyst, n$ Y3 C3 I% u6 b5 F
AHD:[k²t“l-¹st]
$ h/ r& A3 L6 CD.J.[6k#tlist]; O0 ^. i. x. L2 w( K7 ^  U
K.K.[6k#tl!st]
. p" F3 I, V; _$ Bn.（名词）
" S. w- I: G0 [2 R' ~) @' F* ?9 VChemistry A substance, usually used in small amounts relative to the reactants, that modifies and increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed in the process.* c% h6 L: Z3 x0 f
【化学】 催化剂：一种与反应物相关、通常以小剂量使用的物质，用来改变和加快反应速度，而自身在反应过程中不被消耗
3 L$ [, M: v2 s/ |$ m' e- ZOne that precipitates a process or event, especially without being involved in or changed by the consequences.$ v0 x0 k+ m6 c' \* j+ P
触媒：加速一个过程或事件的进度，但自身并未卷入或不被其后果改变的物

category
0 @  z( r1 h% h* U% `6 lcat.e.go.ry
8 {/ e( B7 Q5 v% Z: w  tAHD:[k²t“¹-gôr”¶, -g½r”¶]
; f: {! ~8 V; f9 s* |4 w( kD.J.[6k#ti7g%8ri8, -7gouri8]
  k# O0 z. ?) M% g2 UK.K.[6k#t!7g%ri, -7gori]
: F' }6 n$ O. _9 B! |n.（名词）
# o( g) \) m4 J1 r: \【复数】 cat.e.go.ries, k4 Z' @! e" C3 }6 D- ~0 s6 B
A specifically defined division in a system of classification; a class.
$ m3 q. x( G. |4 C5 [4 `种类：在某一分类系统中特别定义的部分；类别
" ~7 Z  n7 b, |& C) S8 ^/ {* h7 QA general class of ideas, terms, or things that mark divisions or coordinations within a conceptual scheme, especially:
; Q* A: ^) a& \' ?+ h范畴：在一个概念体系中标明区别或联系的观念、术语或事物的一般类别，尤指：3 l3 H6 o8 M/ i" w5 z4 }
Aristotle's modes of objective being, such as quality, quantity, or relation, that are inherent in everything.  \1 E: U) L6 c5 u2 u6 v
客观实物：亚里士多德观念上的客观实在，如质量、数量或联系，它们为一切事物所固有
/ B- |, g+ q' ~  b& c8 @/ G/ BKant's modes of subjective understanding, such as singularity, universality, or particularity, that organize perceptions into knowledge.
& L/ y7 p8 n0 G. U( e+ g" h+ ~康德方式：康德的主观理解的方式，如个体性、普遍性或特殊性，它们将感觉组织为知识
1 b6 C1 S' h# G8 I* Z+ c% u7 q8 _A basic logical type of philosophical conception in post-Kantian philosophy./ a% z& e, q* \
后康德方式：后康德主义哲学中哲学概念的一种基本逻辑类型

caustic
$ O: n, x6 g/ i/ l# g; q5 j" Y, Kcaus.tic
0 u; D- F% i% I! _AHD:[kô“st¹k] 6 V' A$ Y& L" i* H
D.J.[6k%8stik]4 C. i, L  K4 u: A# P  E. p9 y  N
K.K.[6k%st!k]0 W1 }/ D2 f- r0 q, a/ B
adj.（形容词）
: k# Y) B( H  ]5 RCapable of burning, corroding, dissolving, or eating away by chemical action.
6 g0 e, G2 Z0 n) C; Z9 `腐蚀性的：通过化学反应可被灼烧、腐蚀、销溶或蚀尽的3 c& W( _* J" Z( o. S3 K
Corrosive and bitingly trenchant; cutting.See Synonyms at sarcastic
6 D/ e7 r+ z: ?( I+ n刻薄的：恶意讽刺的且十分锐利的；讽刺的参见 sarcastic; ]+ R8 v1 t4 a4 b- o8 \
Causing a burning or stinging sensation, as from intense emotion:- ?6 v5 a& }  r5 j9 q
感情强烈的：引起发烧或不自在的心理感受的，如因强烈的感情：
' K4 X+ n+ e# E3 V: z“Most of all, there is caustic shame for my own stupidity”(Scott Turow)% W2 }  d: z& I% @+ Y$ A; W
“最严重的是由于我自身的愚蠢而产生的无地自容的羞辱”(斯科特·图罗)- G; i: I9 R* H+ M* |- `
Of or relating to light emitted from a point source and reflected or refracted from a curved surface.; A3 p4 p# q! z  I* {
焦散的：由一个点光源发出并从曲面反射或折射的光的或关于这种光的
- s9 R* _8 \6 m% M" t+ sn.（名词）
: P$ M9 ]( S# \+ CA caustic material or substance.
- [3 J+ ]$ K% J! @# w! W9 R腐蚀性物质或材料
; |8 a: C( R- f3 l6 F0 s; V, VA hydroxide of a light metal.6 d" I# j0 B. K8 U2 m. b4 M
轻金属的氢氧化物
1 Q1 ^7 m% c3 u6 ?: ^A caustic curve or surface.
9 }6 {: b7 ~/ B( I$ z焦散曲面，焦散表面

censure
4 x1 P7 ^' }/ Ocen.sure( G9 E- c& i. `/ m* N1 ]
AHD:[sµn“sh…r] 6 t( I5 c4 E. o. Z, F3 K
D.J.[6sen.*]
( J# T! ^) u7 X; V5 [K.K.[6sWn.+]* N+ y6 b( [9 k/ ~- h
n.（名词）
. G1 \' L. x+ J" F4 G9 M" zAn expression of strong disapproval or harsh criticism.! E, ]2 V' ]3 {, @. q# c: U$ w
谴责：表现为强烈反对或严厉批评1 B5 |4 U8 ]& p
An official rebuke, as by a legislature of one of its members.$ f' r" I3 S$ B! g. d! J
公开谴责：正式的批驳，如立法机构对自己成员的谴责
0 v2 ~- t- Q: T) e5 Y8 M+ Pv.tr.（及物动词）' a9 A) X( b& r$ W) w
cen.sured， cen.sur.ing， cen.sures
% U6 Y) i9 F; ~, }- J; s1 sTo criticize severely; blame.See Synonyms at criticize 2 l- M6 Y2 i/ o5 e0 `
指责：严厉批评；责备参见 criticize2 F) R8 W/ o$ ]: E0 w6 m
To express official disapproval of:
: t1 }. i8 }; k/ ~5 k公开谴责：正式表示不赞成：6 y2 O( s4 j* M
“whether the Senate will censure one of its members for conflict of interest”(Washington Post)
3 b& k4 Y+ a3 X7 k“参议院是否会以利益冲突为由公开指责一名议员”(华盛顿邮报)

challenge
5 y1 }- c& m& Y5 s+ ?& N4 Schal.lenge/ ~; X8 `- k( ?" _
AHD:[ch²l“…nj]
( D8 c4 z( K% N, R2 z- e  \( U- [  jD.J.[6t.#l*nd9]
! w. E+ `1 y( C. K% w2 Q( L- P9 wK.K.[6t.#l*nd9]; K' w9 B# K' Z$ f5 u7 R
n.（名词）
0 S6 E6 C$ h9 `1 S+ D' F: OA call to engage in a contest, fight, or competition:7 g: z% A* h& d: V( |
挑战：提出挑战、竞赛或竞争：
% z( z6 t% n3 T6 r3 s$ ]a challenge to a duel.' s! i5 ]9 D% P; y6 Y& o$ Z) Y% z
挑战要求决斗# g7 b2 H4 l6 _1 z0 O/ e
An act or statement of defiance; a call to confrontation:
6 `. k+ }( f5 g9 M- v对抗：反对的言论或举动；公然对抗：
' t! [" M" I  J$ e' U% na challenge to the government's authority.$ f' h) H) I* n- Q% d8 ~
公然对抗政府权威
8 M" e# g! K: r. f$ u& X( `A demand for explanation or justification; a calling into question:
, J* w, j0 t+ @3 V$ x' D4 e4 Q  H* x质疑：要求解释或证明为正当；质疑：/ ]% I. p5 F# I! \
a challenge to a theory.
$ }# f- u8 V# _- A+ P对一项理论质疑/ K: z2 n0 N1 k3 s0 M! q3 x
A sentry's call to an unknown party for proper identification.
, V% Y6 P) |6 e" n- u  G" c口令，暗号：哨兵大声向一群不认识的人索要身份证明; ]& u2 j; b2 n# f
A test of one's abilities or resources in a demanding but stimulating undertaking:; q3 R& e# e6 q% z- B0 B
挑战：在要求高但振奋人心的事业中对人的能力与才智的考验：
2 i6 O7 C% @& q% Xa career that offers a challenge.. ?8 Q% M: o$ n7 \* U; \
大有作为的事业
2 |) n  I: q7 N- w* Z7 u% I& A  }A claim that a vote is invalid or that a voter is unqualified.
3 }! Z  j1 G9 t6 f, g; V选举无效的声明：声称某一投票无效或某一投票人不合格8 F  k6 g" b8 ?4 H' {% I# T
Law A formal objection to the inclusion of a prospective juror in a jury.
; a* L9 M( `+ Q; [) @【法律】 宣布反对：正式对某位预期的陪审员列入陪审团表示异议
0 c* `( A: ]) }  t8 JImmunology The induction or evaluation of an immune response in an organism by administration of a specific antigen to which it has been sensitized.
0 T9 O: V7 [$ e【免疫学】 激发：对某有机体注入使它敏感化的特定抗原以诱导或评价它的免疫反应9 v+ C1 ~! H2 [+ A9 g
v.（动词）$ H/ s! w- e* o) E/ b6 y
chal.lenged， chal.leng.ing， chal.leng.es* h7 J5 F- C- M1 {
v.tr.（及物动词）, o5 ~. x, h" W  G' Z9 k
To call to engage in a contest, fight, or competition:
; ~3 i! Z/ K* F2 T- x3 y0 y. _挑战：提出挑战、竞赛或竞争：
0 M& T$ ?! b, e! Qchallenged me to a game of chess.
# x2 j+ V) a4 B( F7 Y以下棋向我挑战- Q+ N- G& o" U1 W) R0 c
To invite with defiance; dare:
: E) V4 K' q. W: F1 Z1 c: ?公然挑战；公然反抗：( h1 ?6 [- l6 }3 p: Y( K* f
challenged him to contradict her.See Synonyms at defy % D6 L( J$ J. {: s* N' o
挑动他去反对她参见 defy5 T' x* w- _1 X5 n' D! Q* f: G
To take exception to; call into question; dispute:3 s, F4 G( u! o- j$ U8 a
表示异议；质疑；争议：" D# b- Z2 K( U: g, t$ M7 r$ y
a book that challenges established beliefs.; h# j; Y( j/ ^, F& I5 \( q
对确定的信念表示异议的书籍
1 {  _0 s. B$ y, GTo order to halt and be identified, as by a sentry.4 s% i# }8 k# o3 \1 H9 e. R9 I
验明身份：（被哨兵）命令停止前进并查明身份, l5 x& J( [0 L- {# j7 {
Law To take formal objection to (a prospective juror).5 G# b# P# z, m2 S, f2 d7 y- p
【法律】 提出反对：（对预期的陪审员）正式表示反对% j( w  e: V& E7 {0 ^& l: W
To question the qualifications of (a voter) or validity of (a vote).
; @" v! @" X6 a对（投票人的）资格或（选票的）有效性质疑$ [) u* v% [3 R( k. n
To have due claim to; call for:$ p# y5 X7 a) i9 X( U
正式要求；需要：( y+ I" d5 b/ `$ U) o
events that challenge our attention.
+ \% r& _: w# f% i. Q$ ^引起我们注意的事件
+ o* W7 p2 @% d+ M1 YTo summon to action, effort, or use; stimulate:
2 M4 I: s* T8 @  C+ t运用，激励：要求行动，努力去做，或发挥作用；激励：
; @" c5 C2 y; Z1 v) q4 t0 ka problem that challenges the imagination.
/ _3 `; H8 h; x6 G运用想象力的问题
& B! b# O2 f# YImmunology To induce or evaluate an immune response in (an organism) by administering a specific antigen to which it has been sensitized.. `8 {0 R% p: |& s* v+ o: p1 a
【免疫学】 测试：对某有机体注入使它敏感化的特定抗原以诱导或评价它的免疫反应
1 l0 D, l" B' a7 E6 Z0 ^& P9 nv.intr.（不及物动词）
) k  k/ h7 }# {4 ^To make or give voice to a challenge.
, g5 I. E+ }2 N- \4 {回应挑战
$ m+ y# n- J8 |8 q9 `To begin barking upon picking up the scent. Used of hunting dogs.
$ k( N. \2 H% p$ N1 q. C吠叫：猎犬嗅到兽迹时发出吠叫。用于猎狗

chicanery
/ m3 J  s' B* ?chi.can.er.y2 r) j% @2 i" J) X
AHD:[sh¹-k³“n…-r¶, ch¹-]
" v& ?/ Q: [; B7 |& x. b. ND.J.[.i6kein*ri8, t.i-]6 u8 j$ X+ Q/ ], V7 H5 b: `( e  C- H
K.K.[.!6ken*ri, t.!-]2 H1 y6 R: B8 ?. |* m) ]
n.（名词）
1 Z% n2 K. J$ M3 O【复数】 chi.can.er..ies! u3 ^) q1 \4 U2 `/ k- |* |
Deception by trickery or sophistry.
3 h8 P- v* M. a- q$ |: p" ]% U圈套：通过诡计或诡辩进行的欺骗) E$ ^" @5 p* c( T
A trick; a subterfuge.
0 V. Y4 o8 e1 r0 S0 F9 J2 b9 N+ w诡计；花招

chisel
# m- f% c- ^6 l4 ]* Ichis.el
' G8 ?5 M* v! b# A8 c( @AHD:[ch¹z“…l]
* I; A( C& y" \# yD.J.[6t.iz*l]
8 B! l2 y2 o2 m" M) yK.K.[6t.!z*l]
" t0 y/ R* {+ A' Jn.（名词）
+ @! T" V) q4 F. T/ tA metal tool with a sharp beveled edge, used to cut and shape stone, wood, or metal.
$ B, m* c6 o1 V, n- _凿子：一种用来切削或雕刻石头、木头或金属的有锋利斜刃的金属工具$ t! j6 D- |* K' f
v.（动词）% O" Q% [4 L( w2 p' X; X3 h
chis.eled或 chis.elled chis.el.ing或 chis.el.ling chis.els或 chis.els: I( i/ o# C1 v% [. }+ J# ]
v.tr.（及物动词）. K; `) e+ h8 |
To shape or cut with a chisel.* h5 F" e5 c! z' t9 h, _
用凿子雕刻或削切
9 Z! d# v1 p+ d: l) }0 D% P$ c, HInformal & o0 o" C$ Y3 b* I
【非正式用语】
! {% e- p" ~  J" o! Z6 U* v8 WTo cheat or swindle.; n% G# d+ b. g! u7 q
欺骗或诈骗
1 U$ w9 S: x! G! S/ j' U# d" ITo obtain by deception.
7 g+ s4 b' R& r9 \8 v" ~' s1 Q骗得* H$ o; R' ?, h, @
v.intr.（不及物动词）/ T7 H/ o+ g- B
To use a chisel.
( }' @4 m1 l$ Z" f- b  L2 Y使用凿子6 n$ c0 G6 B# o' v. K
Informal + F, P* ~8 i2 g/ [$ r5 {  {
【非正式用语】 - X2 o& W& {( B9 z( O! j
To use unethical methods; cheat:2 n) y' X8 `* z) _% T! l
用不道德的手段；欺骗：
4 ~2 W$ E' x5 K) [$ j) N' W( Q“who's up, who's down and who's chiseling on the side”(James Reston)
" P7 _1 L" B5 Y“谁得意，谁失意，谁在一边耍诡计”(詹姆斯·赖斯顿)# T! _2 Y: Z8 Y; }9 P, H2 {
To intrude oneself without welcome:
3 R2 q6 p  V- J* b. F3 E" M- x- G不受欢迎地插手：: L" d" C9 @0 D$ D8 {
always tries to chisel in on our conversations.1 b; O0 @; [* Z/ x/ y
总是不识相地插进我们的交谈

circumspect
# `6 g! C# K8 ?$ ?cir.cum.spect- m4 i2 }' f% A
AHD:[sûr“k…m-spµkt”] ( C+ X9 r6 c/ i# {! q" F1 u. G, M. k
D.J.[6s*8k*m7spekt]
$ a& E+ W, z7 i5 u( i& GK.K.[6s)k*m7spWkt]+ u, _; c/ \' @+ E1 F2 @
adj.（形容词）* j, u9 T' V- H. A  L2 U+ N
Heedful of circumstances and potential consequences; prudent.  Q4 c/ U! J' J# o
考虑周到的，仔细的：对情况及可能的后果注意留心的；审慎的

claim
  n  O) m; m1 }! a9 j9 t4 Rclaim2 a  _8 i4 q; g3 w7 Q  L4 Y
AHD:[kl³m]
- ~* |4 B8 h# J. b, Z  P$ MD.J.[kleim]
2 ?& K( q" ?' P- L* xK.K.[klem]
8 v+ A4 I# k- k; u  h  Iv.tr.（及物动词）
% q0 A7 z" Q  ^8 p) ~claimed， claim.ing， claims
$ t* {) m) \+ c8 t: L3 N. N" GTo demand or ask for as one's own or one's due; assert one's right to:
) N5 y$ x2 H9 J2 J  N8 C主张，要求：要求或寻求…归为己有；维护自己对…的权利：
9 a; e& Z$ }: U: vclaim a reward.
0 d) l) M0 Q/ U# g/ U索求回报
5 D; U+ f+ f6 G3 K1 C! g" k" K" ITo take in a violent manner as if by right:
8 ^% L; n; P- k# e. d索取，夺走：采用一种貌似合理的暴力手段取走：
/ n2 e! n, Y; g  Fa hurricane that claimed two lives.
* V1 c, k0 L, i飓风夺走了两个生命
4 F7 N- u+ g4 Z" k; ~( \To state to be true, especially when open to question; assert or maintain:; ?. X0 ?  n# U+ b8 N  \7 z
断言，宣称：声称正确，尤指面对质疑时；极力主张或坚持：
, p8 D! s7 V" X; l) p( X  [claimed he had won the race; a candidate claiming many supporters.
) \+ y  `; ~% Y2 A断言他赢得了比赛；宣称有许多支持者的候选人! j/ p) C; v1 F% n$ N- y
To deserve or call for; require:
; R' X3 k  z# r7 D& z: a应该得到或要求；需要：3 _8 Z! x$ h8 N4 z& r( `$ \5 B
problems that claim her attention.
# o$ Z; `- i. A: S( l. h1 R0 z" S应该得到她注意的问题* Q& Z1 C$ V! x( u9 o0 y
n.（名词）
5 H& i/ W& B1 f4 C) O$ F% R  NA demand for something as rightful or due.
; M# H2 n, t- p& }' G要求：凭权利或预约要求得到某事物
( @5 y4 l+ U" P" H- RA basis for demanding something; a title or right." S+ I3 g; j  u! o# f
要求权：要求某事物的基础；凭证或权利
- a4 u+ Z$ r! U) {( X% VSomething claimed in a formal or legal manner, especially a tract of public land staked out by a miner or homesteader.' n' X+ k+ Y! Q: _# N! E( s
申请产权：以正常或合法的方式提出的对某事物的要求，尤指矿工或定居移民用桩围起的一块公共土地7 J4 }  o4 S8 c. e; j
A demand for payment in accordance with an insurance policy or other formal arrangement.% a# o$ z# }) L. g9 u, ~1 `
索赔：遵照保险单或其它正规约定的赔偿要求0 D# j+ y, i1 |1 Z& ?
The sum of money demanded.
/ E& ^3 d) e8 W* F赔款：要求得到的金额4 {5 F' i5 A. E9 T6 U6 o
A statement of something as a fact; an assertion of truth:' e& U& q! h' N; l* U  {7 S
主张：声明某事为事实；断言真实：5 A1 e' C( p" L' V1 k) H
makes no claim to be a cure.
; G6 ?- d! t0 o2 o; X不能断言为有效对策
$ \* w- x  Q* M3 ?# v" w( s; `& T) e  m: s: ]1 l/ K$ Z
lay claim to
# q/ P2 F4 w) t* tTo assert one's right to or ownership of., A. M& y! N) |! I! o! c
坚持对…的权利或对…的所有权

clarity
1 H% B$ Q+ E  H, Z  Xclar.i.ty
, V. T3 y3 l' `0 f  g3 z6 p5 YAHD:[kl²r“¹-t¶]
+ s3 z# s3 G6 C7 b$ j7 RD.J.[6kl#riti8]/ w* s$ x) [  Z. T" Q+ ~$ O
K.K.[6kl#r!ti]