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小 发表于 2006-9-14 13:57 只看该作者
原创关于讲解IBT的Integrated Writing Task(全英文版)—强烈推荐
注意：俺转到“英语文摘※作文学习专区”当斑竹了，有问题到这个版来问吧：http://bbs.taisha.org/forum-91-1.html
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, b- e# {5 h7 I+ n$ ?" o {0 L根据板油们来信要求在下提供一些方法如何写好IBT作文的第一部分，不辜负众望，偶终于写出了英文版的复习方法（在此申明：绝不是显摆，只是考虑到考T的板油们大多是出国的，那就提前熟悉一下英文文章也好，反正偶的文章对板油们来说也是小菜一碟），偶相信此文章可以解答板油们大部分的疑问。 请耐心地仔细阅读！. c1 i% u* k2 K' n" @/ T+ f6 s& ~
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注意：该文章内容均属原创（除了 Instruction about this task和General Skills是引用的Delta’s 的书以外，主要考虑到标准性和准确性的问题）。
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5 T. B2 {! m) T! ~如果有板油不清楚什么是IBT，以及IBT于PBT（托福笔考）的区别的，这里有一个偶另一个精华名为“对比老托（笔考）和新托(IBT)的不同之处与如何复习IBT”，在里面你们可以找到答案http://bbs.taisha.org/thread-648674-1-2.html。
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& g5 W/ ~/ G6 w此外，考虑到有些朋友想知道如何写好作文第二部分（Independent Writing Task）,这里也有个精华连接，http://bbs.taisha.org/thread-666816-1-2.html" F# r3 j6 Q, K8 L6 |
, |$ m( ^( b1 C! K( U此贴可以根据板油们specific的问题而拢∥侍獾幕馗唇旁冢?楼，请注意查收！看过此贴和收到问题回复的板油们，麻烦回帖顶一下，让更多有需要的朋友看一下，另外，让在下知道你们已经收到回复了。
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如果认为文章好的板油们，你们可以点击偶的名字增加一下人气哈！（在左边）。斑竹或认证会员们认为此贴有用的话，该加精的加精，该加分的加分，不要客气哈，就当是鼓励在下了！" {, v9 h8 S7 Y
# O2 K n8 R: R _" d如何读该文章？——建议详细看。
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' l( M. R2 G% P( V" s偶把它分为4部分：# w5 w+ }& L/ l) P* u5 T: ^ F+ K
" i; T5 J I% J6 e, i7 Y, O1. Instruction about this task 主要讲的ETS对该作文部分的要求和注意事项（这一部分是引用的Delta’s 的书，下面的例子也都是该书的内容，每个例子后面偶都注明了该题目和听力原文的页数，只要对应一下就能找到；并且，偶上传了该例题的MP3,在本楼最下面， Passage部分在例子前面。关于例子中的听力原文，偶就不传了哦，让大家练练听力～～); g; N& A# l4 Q/ b2 m- c
2. What do you have to do? 主要说明完成该部分作文时该如何找对策。" h; F7 p+ B6 w( T' Q( }! ~2 W) _
3. General Skills 这部分是说明完成此部分作文需具备的skills。
% B1 A2 e7 \7 t4 r4. Sample Answer 偶把该作文类型分成两种，一种是Complementarity Model（补充性）另一种是conflict Model（对立性）。偶这次只上传了第一类的例子和讲解，还不知道大家对此有什么看法，待过两天偶再传第二类的例子和讲解，然后放在＃2。
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% |5 o# a( O! w/ [: `- L9 e在此，祝大家有个好成绩！！ 
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正文：
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% V$ D8 H1 p) q0 n; F7 PIntegrated Writing Task3 f9 x. l( c: z2 R& z( x
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1. Instruction about this task
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) T/ R, Y& F6 dReading Time Listening Time Writing Time5 d0 r; s3 @' x5 @* `1 R% o
3 minutes 2-3 minutes 20 minutes
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! h( V( v6 f# u3 {& b; mIn your response, you must demonstrate your ability to:' w7 p2 n4 B! J1 F+ N2 c
2 H9 @4 k( e+ W1 F9 i7 ?) k# P-organize ideas effectively in answering the question;
4 M- g2 m+ T. b& H: |5 h7 `" [) R, x-draw requested connections between the lecture and the reading
+ C4 |! j8 _2 D-develop ideas with appropriate examples and explanation;
( \) [" A$ ~; U-display unity and coherence; and& A5 j5 W' e/ I( D3 p
-use English words and sentences effectively.
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Your response is expected to have about 150-225words. It will be read by two qualified evaluators who will score it on a scale of 1 to5, with 5 being the highest score possible. The total number of points you earn for both writing questions, integrated writing and independent writing, will be converted to a writing section score of 0 to30.
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" F3 D5 P* D5 U5 f* e' mFirst, you have three minutes to read a passage that is 250 to 300 words long.6 c. Q$ G* f8 n" Z4 Y
Then the passage will disappear temporarily while you listen to a short lecture on the same topic. The passage will reappear later and be available to you during the writing time.
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- C2 t$ E2 j6 |5 h1 |8 \5 O, |9 f—Quote from Delta’s Next Generation TOFEL TEST; h4 [# x" W* R( \- I. t$ S
1 K* G) ?# k% S' ~2. What do you have to do?: \6 `( X+ r6 T$ O
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a. Keep in mind the general structure and transition words or phrases.
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% D2 G# I0 R% _* |b. Taking notes is what to write down the key words and information that you hear or read. It is an essentially academic skill. You may be required by the university that you are going to. How you take notes efficiently and effectively have been taught step by step, the process of which has been listed with following sample notes in each practice.8 M3 u0 {1 w( X1 H: q8 q6 B7 d' K
& \6 O0 T7 v" i0 M. T3. General Skills
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. A6 a& f/ c# K5 h9 w" _a. Integrated Writing Task-General Plan (recommended)
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6 g( V( U) {# V3 bParagraph 1 First key point from the lecture8 x, Q9 R2 j: f
Examples from the lecture
1 [# ~4 X2 ^) E2 z. s Examples or connection to the reading' B2 d9 H' l: D) k$ P7 v) Z
# p& @+ r+ m+ B% cParagraph 2 Second key point from the lecture# Y/ Z& M; M7 Z3 l) I
Examples from the lecture! @0 g7 h* t# e2 _" v" `8 o+ @. Y
Examples or connection to the reading' f! g8 ~4 z$ k* X3 C* v8 E; U
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Paragraph 3 Third key point from the lecture
e9 d) l2 |* o1 D Examples from the lecture. y; E# `: F0 h9 N/ {3 p) X
Examples or connection to the reading
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, t( o8 p# w, L: A+ |5 E, SFrom the structure of the plan shown above, we may know that the listening part is more important than the reading part since the question always ask you to complete the writing task according to either the lecture or the comparison between lecture and passage. : [" N3 ^2 K/ G/ \
" \6 R( _! r7 O4 F9 |b. Coherence is the quality of unity and order in a piece of writing. The following transitions and other expressions will help you express relationships between ideas and give your writing unity and coherence.
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3 [# ^' o) Q" [$ r& @" |Introduce Key Points
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According to the lecture3 K) ? H! N4 y6 y
The reading stated that
# v4 Z) R. H" M1 f) ~! B; AThe professor made the point that/listed the points that
/ h7 G7 r. |& B7 vThe lecture supports/illustrates the idea that
! [5 B+ a0 z9 I# q" Z) J; Y+ rThe lecture contradicts/refutes the idea that$ U, ]; I" X1 L2 R4 |% g6 F! x: |
) m P7 }2 M0 S r7 t: o9 {Introduce Example or Reasons
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! _" @, q6 T, F0 U( f+ UBecause for example one example is
2 K5 t1 C9 N7 d9 r# ?First for instance such as
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Add Example or Reasons
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( c) L; q1 i. E5 d: n9 TAlso furthermore next! q5 m- B- J5 I3 O" y
Another in addition second, third; X; j6 A0 y" f8 W' R# x4 s0 A, i: W
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Show Contrast between Ideas
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Although in contrast on the contrary
# U5 W0 x! Q9 V" G) uBut is contrary to on the other hand7 @7 h& Y! ~, F# X$ v+ ]
However is the opposite of while$ ^5 C3 i1 ~; R- K% H- Z
1 v& Z: w; J# x+ a: f- E; e' V4 [' C1 ~—Quote from Delta’s Next Generation TOFEL TEST9 ]- _$ }) I' y) B* X- a8 z1 b
8 b# e1 N! T& V* [3 U4. Sample Answer7 Q; Q# R! t1 D7 H& i% {/ Q
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a. Complementarity Model, o9 [% x4 v# B# D: }. d$ H
8 a+ S# k6 n# Z+ k8 pComplementarity model means the question in the integrated writing task requires you to complement the lecture with passage, both ideas of which are similar rather opposite each other. There is an example of this model:5 ~" l( X: W$ M) [( a) J5 B$ \
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Read the passage below in 3 minutes, and then listen to the relevant recording that can be downloaded at the end of the whole article. After that, you may try to perform the writing part on your own ,and then compare it with the sample answer. You may find the sample answer after the question part. Begin now.
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0 r! J! K I1 J2 w5 {The transparent front part of the human eye is a five-layer structure called the cornea. The cornea is dense and even in thickness, projecting like a dome beyond the white of the eye and protecting the iris and pupil.
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! I% k: Y. \; k/ w9 SA clear cornea is necessary for clear vision, and an injury to the cornea can pose a long-term problem. A corneal injury may lead to an ulcer, or it may leave a small area of scar tissue after it heals. The location of the injury or ulcer and the remaining scar tissue will determine whether or not there may be vision problems. The area around the edge of the cornea is not terribly important for good vision; however, if an ulcer forms at the center of the cornea, the scar tissue it leaves behind could interfere with vision. If a large ulcer occurs in the center of the cornea, it may be necessary to replace the cornea surgically in a procedure called corneal grafting, in which corneal tissue is transplanted from one human eye to another.3 k( T3 C; r: u: L T
1 k+ j: u( k2 S0 OSymptoms of a corneal injury include eye pain, sensitivity to light, bloodshot eyes, a feeling that something is in the eye, blurred vision, and possibly a white spot on the cornea. The term keratitis is used to describe a corneal inflammation in which the outermost cells on the surface of the cornea die. With keratitis, the eyes are sensitive to light and they hurt, water, and become bloodshot. In severe cases, vision may be impaired.
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To diagnose a corneal injury or ulcer, a physician will place a few drops of special liquid in the eye, turn the lights out, and shine a light on the eye while looking at the cornea through a special microscope called a slit lamp. If the surface of the cornea is broken anywhere, it will show up as a bright blue-green area.
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. }7 e* P p" z7 w' Z2 | X$ VListen to the recording that you just have downloaded, and then try to finish the writing task on your own. The sample answer will appear after the question.7 J5 H5 o+ G. o# J- ^
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Question: Describe the causes and consequences of corneal injuries and ulcers, and explain how these problems are treated. (From Delta’s in P593-exercise 4.1A / Audio Scripts in P656)
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Please notice the words with red, underlined, bold and inclined.
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1 P6 l7 X' Z7 O5 v+ X" kSample answer:2 W% g) f# z1 H! j5 v( r
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Cornea is an important structure in human being's eyes. If it has not been protected well, it may have a vision problem. According to the lecture, there are many factors that cause this problem, such as a traffic accident, chemicals, dust or debris, dryness, allergy, infection and overexposure. These can cause vision problems in different ways.' _. Q- }- Z5 a5 k7 X
6 Q0 N' t# a& J/ z5 ZConsequences of this problem can be identified in different ways, including eye pain, sensitivity to light, bloodshot eyes, inflammation, scar tissue, and vision problems. The reading stated that if patients have gotten an ulcer called keratitis in their eyes, for example, their eyes may leave a scar tissue to cause a vision problem. Moreover, when some people have a serious problem about their corneas, their dead corneas must be replaced by a surgery.* X$ a/ @6 q. \8 G7 M* K# U
7 F; E9 u0 O W( x5 H/ u/ w0 sThe professor listed the points that treatments of corneal injury are various, including antibiotic ointment or drops, artificial tears, and wearing an eyes patch. Patients will feel uncomfortable about their eyes as they have gotten corneal injury. They may feel dry, itchy or even pain when they get this eyes problem. However, this illness can be treated by different ways until it heals.) A4 j$ o8 O( m6 U* M1 V
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字数179
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Notice:
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In the question part, there are 3 main words that should be concerned in your writing task, including causes, consequences and treatment. Hence, in your writing task, these main words or points must be included and detailed. Put it in another way, you may divide the writing structure into 3 paragraphs in terms of these 3 main words or points. }6 L+ J# A2 N3 I
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The answer is various but must include these 3 main words or points mentioned above, and some specific transition words or phrases such as for example, however, but, and so on.
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On the other hand, taking notes is an essential skill in integrated writing part. The note is various but must be clear and succinct, which helps you to conceive effectively and to draw up efficiently. There is an example below, which is according to this practice., B: u/ e ^% A3 Z* Q/ v
2 [6 o; R/ a. Y& [% ^8 ?Sample notes:: z3 }, K6 q9 o8 P# v
5 B5 n; E; ~" g1 v, x; |+ bIn reading part, the notes may look like this:
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Cornea－transparent front part
6 L/ A. n: Y$ L8 ? N; g1 }/ G －5 layers
4 t7 ~' C5 }1 J. k; o( ~6 `. E- S3 {7 s －dense
2 F. _% J- O' R3 V/ l' Z2 W －project iris, pupil
* H# Q, Y( O+ L. V7 pProblem－ulcer
! P1 ] P6 h# o! a8 j －leave a scar tissue－cause vision problem8 ], Z# n4 D( C, k! d
－large ulcer－cornea may be replace
- V, `0 P I* c1 u, MSymptoms－keratitis: ~8 ^' g/ v( k% X% Z
－eye pain1 y( G+ U- v5 I- [
－sensitive light4 j) W2 M }" F% O5 F' c
－bloodshot
% L6 Y3 |8 W. n j1 x( K1 u9 Y$ b2 Y6 V －white spot in eyes/ z$ ?9 j" S+ c( J; _+ H" v+ G
Diagnose －drops
7 f, H2 ]1 V) F% R$ P% D －turn light out
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1 H9 I/ V/ E# Z2 l# ZIt is possible to write down this note since I have already done it in 3 minutes. The skill of taking notes is significant, for it has influenced not only in writing part but also in listening and speaking.4 t. F3 @9 M* V- O" \
: L7 \$ G& f2 ^# }+ RIn listening part, the notes may look like this:- W8 o) P; f6 o+ u2 J9 q2 `2 }6 m
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Causes－ball, fist3 ~( P3 c- ?" N" F5 ^( f7 o y
－traffic accident
- Z, \0 B Z( q& f0 i －debris: R6 `! \6 ^( @+ f* ?
－chemicals and infection
4 L4 M2 y: f$ J( }8 q5 I －dust' G) Z2 C f7 v( o- L6 E" M% g
－dryness, allergy, overexposure to ultraviolet* S% ?" c' e9 K5 W5 {+ G. v$ l) |. `
Treats －ointment, drops, eye patch, artificial tears) { o+ H1 N8 Z! a: t! j
& E+ V; }$ G4 @! L+ y3 g3 N/ jYou may only write down the important and main words while listening, especial nouns. Don’t worry whether or not the spelling is correct when taking notes, because you do not have enough time to figure it out. What you have to do is to concentrate on the listening part trying to understand completely, and then taking the notes which are clear enough to you.
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- C! P3 u+ i6 s, a* sBefore performing writing task, you may rule out the sub-important and irrelevant information from your notes. Complete the accurate and adequate information according to the question in your writing. Do not write too long because you do not have enough time and are not necessary to do so. Key words and information are always what we need to concern., ~& r4 S; G# l- t M
7 R6 _( B* s6 _6 a0 M6 I- {注意：以上的sample answer及sample notes均属偶原创，如有任何问题关于错误或不准确的地方，请直接发EMAIL联系偶：thuang2006@yahoo.com% q5 ~* K ?% {: @/ j+ k, Q1 X
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谢谢大家支持！
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该例题的MP3下载：
( `+ u* y4 A Q8 V$ N2 C另外，根据板油的要求，偶把该文章WORD版本也上传了（编辑完全）：
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[ 本帖最后由 04261001 于 2008-1-2 20:55 编辑 ]
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