Whether it be bird, (may/might 省略,让步句型,=be it bird)fish or beast, the porpoise is intrigued with anything
+ N3 L- b& H  B$ a; @that is alive. They are constantly after 追逐the turtles, the Ferdinands (背景故事,一条倍受凌辱的bull, 受气包)of
- S1 j7 @' e: ?7 p+ d: _. [1 Jmarine life, who peacefully submit to all sorts of indignities. One young & n/ C  N0 m+ ]0 R
calf (不到一岁的小动物都叫calf)especially enjoyed raising a turtle to the surface with his snout (long mouth)and 4 `( t" o. w) Z6 U- W2 `
then shoving him across the tank水池 like an aquaplane.  Almost any day a young
% x# \* l1 ^" t% C) N; g$ \porpoise may be seen trying to turn a 300-pound sea turtle over by sticking 8 x- F1 |# U, {! S5 s
his snout under the edge of his shell and pushing up for dear life. This / G3 X4 S- u* l
is not easy, and may require two porpoises working together. In another / v6 J8 K2 v5 `* G% [- X0 R; d
game, as the turtle swims across the oceanarium, the first porpoise swoops $ C/ u1 v1 _! `/ ~2 l2 p
down from above and butts his shell with his belly. This knocks the turtle
1 c# G2 D% P6 o/ k% _down several feet. He no sooner recovers his equilibrium than the next porpoise
; U, {8 G! y& Y6 d: Ecomes along and hits him another crack. Eventually the turtle has been butted
6 e0 }- A! i$ f+ z3 Vall the way down to the floor of the tank. He is now satisfied merely
2 W7 ~, u, Y3 B: Qto try to stand up, but as soon as he does so a porpoise knocks him flat.
' L% n, S+ ^* a8 q0 C+ G- EThe turtle at last gives up by pulling his feet under his shell and the ( c1 a" k+ s: N8 ]
game is over.3 _; R4 s! i& K5 _' X3 z( b
Ralph Nading Hill Window in the Sea   
1 c5 T; [+ L+ G- `) _$ R2 J- p5 [* S
He scarcely recovers when….: }) O8 y; w5 H2 [
Scarcely does he recover when…. 倒装
3 G5 b1 Q" h0 b" F) Y6 J2 A! H  R5 W5 E% A8 s4 `
Marine product 海产品! V) ?& Q: b# y2 H& g
A+ words….   表语词 afloat, adrift, ashore, asleep$ F3 L6 h  D4 n

* {) G) Z7 t! \$ y5 G9 J( x' [6 Z5 cScent---身体发生的味道
5 k0 d! B/ l$ h( e% z: ]  @, g. dFragrance –flower, tree, grass,    fragrant hills 香山
! s6 c# T  S# O5 L- G: @2 \Aroma ---- 强烈的味道
; Z+ z4 j- M$ s. M, QPerfume---(aroma  可以用)% a7 i" q& W8 z- J: ?3 @
* p+ t0 w: `8 a) g
Ensue year—来年, following year. @- |$ G2 K6 M
Preceding year, 前年
7 q6 c! E  C3 s% r" D6 _) v9 I- _1 L2 ^& s7 z* Y+ L3 h
Intrigue---引起兴趣,常用新闻体journalism
, ]* h! [6 N) [9 D  V( dArrest/capture/seize/grab  +  attention
0 u# \. b8 ~; u4 L5 z) F) m, xThe event is intriguing 文体强.(=interesting) 3 o, `5 x$ t2 `

, K: U- d3 z0 K% H* WDignity<>indignity& S1 s6 o6 R% b5 \) R5 M! Y
It is beneath his dignity for a gentleman to lie.' L8 x& b+ E9 t0 R
Stand on one’s dignity
0 }- l; i+ C- UHe stood on his dignity by rejecting the money his boss gave him.
6 e: H0 i* G: ?- H% y$ W$ _It is indignity to say sorry in public.

Lose face (口), humiliate , insult
, V% ]7 f0 k7 R+ z
9 i4 O: E9 r  ]; BThere was much shoving 硬推on getting on the bus.
5 G5 {8 y- ?6 L+ g) fHe shoved to the ground.
( V7 P9 `' q* _' T& ^7 l6 T. a$ \9 }6 Y) Y* P, f
I got the wrong end of the stick. 我不懂
+ g0 ^3 Z; E/ v! f* h" ZI stick at home. * P! y3 A0 j% n
I stick to my words.3 R8 |7 \7 f4 t( i; e
I am stuck on the movie. 迷恋
$ T* X0 K5 i+ y; d0 B# T) H6 eThe bad habit sticks to me. . _) P/ R: Q$ t/ O

6 j9 o8 `4 ~7 L3 q4 S1 pBone and shell script
0 \; Z! Q0 l; f$ OFor dear life  拼命地) t# ?2 s7 g( b/ M' Q9 S9 x9 \
Chase sb for dear life.
0 f* x! J+ N& f, g, L0 XNatural/greatest/dear enemy 不共戴天的 仇人
! _" e$ u9 Z. K8 h% T" O. Y0 v狮子,老虎的扑------pounce
" T$ O# E" l4 \/ |海洋动物的扑----swoop$ s" }% R; }# q0 {; ~9 Y" N
; e# k4 @9 M7 N# A+ L) z2 D
I butt him in the stomach. 一头僵局
3 O7 n! V  ?5 I$ HCan I butting ? = interrupt% J3 r2 M8 b* B
Belly laugh 笑的肚子疼
0 Q' A, s% Q; ?6 V  o/ xAbdomen 医学用语4 h8 [: \' t6 o, O5 d7 ~& N
Paunch 大腹便便
4 m/ a9 Q: C. x8 `
9 e2 [$ \9 r% v6 B9 bCrack English 练英语  p2 R+ M* @, y" t* f8 B. j
Crack case 破案
0 J; m: ^. R* @7 K. `% u  VCrack bottle 开瓶
. q0 e* G4 ~1 }( J# yCrack smile 绽放笑容) `$ S3 y) m5 ~
Crack book 读书% G8 V/ ~" S. o; H, ~

* R, d3 w5 ~' V+ P Defensive 防御<>offensive 进攻5 T! l' \0 L# e$ A1 F
Out of instinct 9 s: ?, z' I: A6 b1 G  G
Out of conscience

Lesson 23
& z0 w1 A& x+ H1 |) T5 p8 P" J- T& J2 _' y* p7 p5 d, H. l. k
　　It is fairly clear that the sleeping period must have some function,
- h" G* `* @" X) [; O" M) uand because there is so much of it(sleeping) the function would seem to / J$ g6 N& T! r4 {' z+ n, k
be important. Speculations(猜测) about its nature have been going on for
/ K3 r: @+ z; X$ g5 g$ mliterally(actually) thousands of years, and one odd finding that makes the
. z2 R! L! ]9 S1 o! y) [7 o3 u  r/ @problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if(虚拟) sleeping is not
" P% v# @- x- I5 ]simply a matter of giving the body a rest.' Rest ', in terms of muscle relaxation : A) x/ F2 ]/ {6 H4 P0 W
and so on, can be achieved by a brief period of  lying, or even sitting
5 B% K3 W: q. J- H/ Zdown. The body's tissues are self-repairing (self-correcting/self-adjusting) ) U3 @. p, Z. y
and self-restoring to a degree,(in a sense/to some extent) and function
5 U. ?+ I' w9 S6 c; hbest when more or less continuously active. (省略了主语tissues 和谓语are。5 |0 J$ h9 I8 K0 A9 N8 K" G- Y
如果出现when/if/though句型做状语从句，而主语的主，谓语与从句的主，谓语相8 V. o1 N9 Q: I6 K+ ~
同，则从句的主，谓语可以省略。如： I got to the school though(I was 可省
* n0 y4 {$ a$ h2 ?, \" _) late ) In fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep which is : @+ N/ s: t8 ?5 _! e
specifically concerned with ( be about有关)preventing muscle inactivity.
# g) \( K# y) ?- H) }! |; z: C5 I5 w/ n% G
　　If it is not a question of resting the body, then perhaps it is the ( b: m1 A+ Q1 R/ v* [
brain that needs resting? This might be(虚拟) a plausible hypothesis were
7 }! ?( J* H) w7 k; Y9 }# \; |it not for (倒装=if it were not for rug如果不是因为=but for 例：If it were 6 ]- j7 _1 E8 ~: {# w" j% v
not for his timely help, .../ But for his timely help,.....I would not survive
8 r9 W& C+ s( a' Q)two factors. First the electroencephalograph (which is simply a device
" @, @% H* m7 h$ T% Qfor recording the electrical activity of the brain by attaching electrodes : N* a: n/ H+ s4 ?- N$ Q
to the scalp) shows that while there is a change in the pattern(type: lie - E  u! Y$ q; V+ J6 J, ?
flat/lie on one's side/lie on stomach) of activity during sleep, there is 9 q7 e. |4 n- H3 ^, Q5 N
no evidence that the total amount of activity is any less. The second factor
" z0 A2 T0 `; _! j& H5 q2 uis more interesting and more fundamental.(基本就是重要的意思) In l960 an # t; T$ Q! Y% E7 |
American psychiatrist named William Dement published experiments dealing
7 W: W  r* O7 o1 }) Ewith(be concerned with) the recording of eye-movements during sleep. He
/ }& D: P( i' u1 ushowed that the average(common) individual's sleep cycle is punctuated(时
2 l5 C3 p* h' e0 S0 H时有东西干扰) with peculiar bursts of eye-movements, some drifting(指 some
: ?# t6 O4 a2 B) l! Z; Cmovements) and slow, others jerky and rapid. People woken during these periods , l$ y; k& v9 a( [) h
of eye-movements generally reported that they had been dreaming. When woken ! ], i+ X  _1 t
at other times they reported no dreams. If one group of people were disturbed
3 D) o! X5 k  z3 L3 ~7 Vfrom their eye-movement sleep for several nights on end, and another group ; [$ \1 b, [" t# P6 L
were disturbed for an equal period of time(同样时间) but when they were ' d- M  P7 L8 t' _6 c6 C' c
not exhibiting eye-movements, the first group began to show some personality ' ~' q. b5 Y+ A& L: F3 Y$ n
disorders while the others seemed more or less unaffected. The implications
9 I, T9 f- e1 Xof all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered,
3 P: c. V! b( b) rbut the disturbance of dreaming.  
+ E1 ?$ [) l! f* W6 Ddream teller 解梦palm reader  @/ }6 i; r, T0 o$ q5 u/ T& x  q
be concerned about 关心

Lesson 24; f7 ~% O& ?7 G2 `

, C  ?; w+ \% w& Z( a6 u　　walking for walking’s sake纯粹是为了散步 may be as/so(=such a ....thing)
6 a- ~1 x" A& b* F2 [ highly laudable and exemplary典范 a thing as it is held(认为的正式用法：
3 `7 e  c- Q9 H! _4 w1 v7 Xmaintain/view/argue/hold/) to be by those who practise it.(简单点： Walking
$ J/ R: \# b% a! g5 k9 j0 efor ......is ...thing which is held to be .......) My objection to it is 5 O0 W) x! f4 c$ T% y
that it stops the brain.(表达自己观点的句子不要超过10个单词，cuz your mind
! S1 M& ?7 B3 p+ [% Tis mudded 混了， 套从句不要超过2-3个) Many a man (后面加名词复数，但谓语动8 x: B- ?, j0 k- Q# V
词用单数： many a time/many an occasion/many a thing)has professed to me
! P$ R/ b: v* K9 U3 \& _! J" F3 g- [that his brain never works so well as when he is swinging along the high
: v. E7 Y+ S/ b! v9 l4 }, Oroad(high mountain road山路) or over hill and dale. This boast is not confirmed
, l) M  e' T% o# K( Q' p# k' [2 pby my memory of anybody who on a Sunday morning has forced me to partake
( A$ p- I3 T% \of his adventure.(介词OF 后面的句子是介词宾语) Experience teaches me that
6 V" x" }7 S) F& a9 g2 Dwhatever a fellow-guest(共同赴宴的人，fellow worker 同事， fellow actor
+ b4 e% i9 x& T演员搭档)may have of power (=whatever of power a fellow-guest may have )to & r+ o2 B; c) W' n5 l+ }6 T: p; b
instruct or to amuse when he is sitting in a chair, or standing on a hearth-rug,: ~! ]8 T# ?( t, n2 N8 q
壁炉前的一块地毯 quickly leaves him when he takes one out for a walk. The
1 {5 F- J! Q7 z, Hideas that come so thick and fast 丰富迅捷的to him in any room, where are
, K  \$ G* {  M8 g, M1 W( q( i) n+ q1 ithey now? (上句没有谓语，名词或名词短语+问句，是感叹句： Women, who can live them? Women, who can live without them? The man, who I respect and love so
$ S; y$ f5 m2 q; fmuch, where is he how?) where that encyclopedic knowledge which he bore拥# ~# b1 b' |) k! x- U5 ^& `+ p7 Z0 n. o
有的 so lightly? Where the kindling 象火花般fancy奇思妙想 that played(play.... ?& p6 B: F0 Z; h8 r1 H. z
.over:对......发挥作用=function) like summer lightning over any topic that % k6 `3 _/ }* T
was started？The man's face that was so mobile(expressive) is set(rigid + y& Z4 T  n! m* t1 a9 q& q
僵化了) now; gone is the light生气勃勃的活力 from his fine(fine arts原指：
% r! }7 U/ [2 C7 u1 m工笔艺术) eyes.锐利的眼神 He says that A (our host) is a thoroughly good
7 O: P! g5 u* i: j/ Y$ Efellow. Fifty yards further on(going on), he adds that A is one of the best + @! L! j4 [) G% `
fellows he has ever met. We tramp another furlong of so, and he says that & b7 T4 C$ j, u6 G
Mrs A is a charming woman. Presently he adds that she is one of the most , C9 x; K/ @7 M. `% L! A
charming women he has ever known. We pass an inn. (tavern: 最脏的小旅馆)He
9 O0 d' w7 V: U1 f0 T( L+ ~reads vapidly aloud to me： ‘The King’s Arms. Licensed to sell Ales and ! X( M# q; p6 D: r, P& {( v: q
Spirits.’ I foresee猜想 that during the rest of the walk he will read aloud
$ t8 H/ {; o$ z" Q1 S" Vany inscription that occurs. We turn a sharp corner急转弯 at the foot of 2 c* g% k) ]. G$ S" g. c% P6 s
the hill. He points at the wall, and says ‘Drive Slowly.’ I see far ahead,
, }' z) P, o" `1 M; d! Non the other side of the hedge bordering与什么相连 the high road, a small
* T2 d1 i: N' @& ~notice-board.提示牌 He sees it too.  He keeps his eye on it. And in due $ L% B- E' X- ?! Q
course(就在那一刻=at the very moment) ‘Trespassers,’ he says, ‘will be . o1 x; U7 Y0 y& B& J6 g" l" ]
prosecuted.’ Poor man! ━mentally a wreck. 纯粹是个废人
# b! r3 `, \1 T0 k/ @2 C
5 e& W0 [* Z5 `enjoy the scenery of both sides.
  x0 e7 j2 Y/ }7 ]" rfor..... sake= for the sake of
+ W( j# N+ ^" j6 _9 A' I! M$ Xfor old sake's sake

He objects to /be oppose to /take exception to反对this suggestion.
3 g- A; i. C) vMom objects to this match 婚事
' n# Z9 f1 u8 }' j% G* P, tlaud/praise 赞扬7 H7 x" X# @: a% w  `/ H0 I
laud sb to skies 把某人捧上天7 A: M" U! u6 {5 ?. K: b" h9 |
exalt: eulogize, hail# w2 G. i, X+ t: C9 ]
Bush hailed the sound relationship between China and U.S
$ e1 @6 L$ V- Rode 赋：- B/ \2 j5 o- B; |+ A4 t5 t* ?8 R
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
" |3 r# K9 p- h- W8 n8 N2 [7 olaudable7 X9 A& [2 l. I9 \" ^: U
praiseworthy 值得称赞的2 n# ?3 ^2 y' w, Z
admirable 值得仰慕的  S  I: N8 N% a5 R/ g

5 G" Y# z% W3 R# E声称： profess---He professed himself to be a Christian
: O- t$ \+ B# A  j2 x, y+ p! y4 |              announce: make public : T* o  S, @5 i' m7 X# x2 W
           declare通过法规来宣称----declare the war on Japan, i! y  g& W" t# f
            I declare the opening of the Game.
/ m  f" N- \& R4 k% g溜达： stroll- I stroll on the street.
( D3 c2 `% D( X2 o        ramble/prome`nade 漫步 I take my dog to promenade.
) o, _. J2 z$ X3 |+ qhe is very encyclopedic./comprehensive/all-inclusive/embracive/all ranging
4 b2 ^2 n7 m- j* x知识丰富* z* B+ o4 L- V4 g
乏味：vapid/banal/colorless/toneless/dull/lifeless /monotonous.- [2 E' A0 C3 O( q0 O
准许：permit/license(书面的)He permits me to go/ license plate.
" u' ^" P; u/ z" |# G) Q( F* D0 i* }3 ~
invader侵略者infringer侵权者/offender法律上犯罪者/trespasser  侵犯者7 b- J$ l, p3 J

; Q6 X4 x+ }0 m( G; ]) m' s1 {I am a wreck of my former self 身体一天不如一天5 r2 a9 w: J  ~3 \: k4 R0 X
my health goes bad to worse" T2 }+ U! D% |0 e

% a% f: w6 s- c9 N$ N5 p' v# ^plaintiff 原告 民事
1 d8 s* O, p4 ~- F7 W" nprosecute 原告刑事  O3 l$ A9 |$ N, ~/ s* T
defender.辩护者6 k7 M2 t4 U1 V. C4 }  w/ ~$ L
8 u( a; M! a  A( m
verbal evidence 证词
/ U6 N& h) T/ K* ~# e. P& Q$ u material evidence 物证
! }3 d+ c: _4 t+ [
% o- H: y6 V, w) g/ `3 pLesson 26+ x: X# e2 n1 B! K2 i. k

* Y, s) \  F' j: b1 S+ m* @8 b　　William S. Hart was, perhaps, the greatest of all Western西部片 stars, 4 l  @% |# s) G% C' D, j$ Q# b
for unlike Gary Cooper and John Wayne he appeared in nothing but Westerns. $ G6 M7 H) G9 b. l  Z- B* r
From 1914 to 1924 he was supreme 首屈一指and unchallenged (matchless).It
2 q% C1 T6 [7 x! ^5 pwas Hart who created the basic formula of the Western film, and devised/design $ Z. r* B* E) g- e) [3 d
the protagonist主角 he played in every film he made, the good-bad man,本0 }2 w5 K2 Z. f! o6 T
质好，偶尔作坏事的人 the accidental, noble outlaw亡命徒, or the honest but

framed受陷害的 cowboy, or the sheriff made suspect被当成嫌疑犯 (he was made $ t# ~$ a) V$ N3 W: N; z7 {- p" s
Chairman 他被选为主席)by vicious gossip; in short, the individual in conflict 9 r0 u" ^0 f2 O, [4 y9 Y$ e) k; ?
with himself and his frontier environment.(同位语)* @' f/ N# T0 b( Q! D" ^+ m
: {" t8 v% ~( _
　　Unlike most of his contemporaries同时期的人 in Hollywood, Hart actually
1 _% n3 l; M9 k$ uknew something of 略有了解the old West. He had lived in it as a child when
" m0 Z& X: w% f/ p' |2 wit was already disappearing,西部在消失的背景知识) and his hero was firmly ! I0 a: i6 D! Z0 P1 z3 m( l
rooted in his memories and experiences, and in both the history and the
3 b4 t6 z- H( X2 L- O. @7 n2 ]mythology of the vanished frontier. And although no period or place in American : m4 j) z$ k' h& y( t0 |3 y$ G
history has been more构成最高级 absurdly romanticized, myth and reality 4 n1 y- o6 |) y5 ^6 O' F7 r1 \8 d( g( U
did join hands/coexist  in at least one arena, the conflict( 是arena 的同( W+ l  T; e+ V( P  _* e# W
位语) between the individual and encroaching超出通常界限;侵蚀civilization.
/ I8 m. U/ n' c% N. i3 S3 }7 G, I$ u
　　Men accustomed to struggling for survival against the elements and Indians
* x: ~4 B: s5 v) e, _6 ]" Rwere bewildered by politicians, bankers and business-man, and unhorsed 放/ z3 P! H: h& Y( O% @
弃戎马生涯by fences, laws and alien taboos禁忌. Hart’s good-bad man was always
8 D( P( S$ r" C- G) xan outsider, always one of the disinherited, and if he found it necessary
0 F2 z4 N7 {/ U+ B" s, Nto shoot a sheriff or rob a bank along the way, his early audiences found
, q3 K  d7 ]- `( ~it easy to understand and forgive, especially when it was Hart who, in the
" A; E; u1 {3 j6 i# u$ d' fend, overcame击退 the attacking Indians.
# E/ {: O9 |/ e' D　　Audiences in the second decade of the twentieth century found it pleasant
" }# w  Z/ U" \5 c% t  Uto escape to a time when life, though hard, was relatively simple. We still ; F4 R# i1 \% ^, P- p
do; living in a world in which undeclared aggression, war, hypocrisy, chicanery,; w7 C  V5 k/ n0 F5 O4 H
anarchy and impending immolation随之到来的死亡 are part of our daily lives,
! c! U$ G2 n: Q8 M0 vwe all want a code规则 to live by.7 b/ o1 i2 |) C* l4 ~  o0 K0 O
fight across 难以定夺
4 p3 x# I* N0 }6 o, y# f  eout of impulse  一时冲动
( R# A3 A; ?. `% d. qnoble: 1, rich,  2, noble-minded 0 I& R  k1 E+ v; X/ i$ D) ~
nothing but ........仅仅
( p9 u, M- I* O& i; Q- H4 hHe is nothing but liar. 他是骗子
: g7 @4 }1 N" F# C9 e+ khe is anything but liar. 他不是骗子
) Y1 `) d1 H7 W; Q8 K/ |he is nothing but angry 他很生气
. [1 \7 [8 n) B/ p; A3 S; K4 K7 z* r8 vHe is anything but angry 他不生气2 x7 a: K: G+ g+ X+ f7 n  {6 ]
. k" H) k, }& A
" _! @1 S7 |" |7 Z

: h" |& ~# t+ j2 ]superlative degree 名词的最高级! q# }' X  m% T3 b! V% E
intermediate  中级的
% f( `6 i+ S5 v: P  E3 Z- ~male supremacy 大男人主义
0 H/ x1 F1 u7 v" Sgrey mare 胜过男人的妻子
- v5 p  @3 a; T& n! N4 H. tsecond to none 最高的second to.......仅次于) C# R* g3 }! e9 e5 i- t6 B
antagonist  反面角色
$ Q( @8 m) V8 H' H( Z, W4 w) ]$ kleading role 主角

supporting role 配角" z7 o. i! h5 R, n7 e( K0 @
extra 跑龙套: U: q+ f" V( v, g% A
highway man 打劫的，deliver 拿钱来
& N, ]& I5 ?$ {. k. ^8 K恶毒的venomous/heinous/malicious
+ q: I1 I7 r7 M5 p2 ~gossip monger 传谣言的人 gossip 比rumor 危害大8 z  s$ E& P- G; |
in brief / in a word 总之  X; f$ u" O% i
under the environment 在。。情况下 (不可用复数)- K/ Y  S! o- j% F0 z6 u; {
environment makes man 环境造就人
% G% z, y3 V2 {% rpolitical arena 政治舞台
* q$ Z* p% i  W3 P8 y% U: Mbullfighting 斗牛
" i$ X$ Q! Z; H+ kencroach 侵犯---American culture is encroaching globally. =penetrating& D8 e0 i$ r) T( l
His speech is penetrating. 入木三分; I$ ?4 o* }1 Q9 S9 U/ Z' Y) `$ @
baffle /muddle/wilder 迷茫 I was bewildered. disorient 使。。失去方向3 [+ S0 J# F2 c: t, {6 ~  S
alien word  外来词
' c) A7 C' I# S8 S/ S3 odon't alienate us 不要离间我们7 h  v4 \  l, i- v7 T# }5 B
hypocrisy 伪善hypocrite 伪君子hypocritical 虚伪的# z' L' d! ?! j5 Q1 |
chicanery 诈骗cheat欺骗钱财/deceive one's feelings/hoax--just play trick ' `3 y0 E  c- O& R+ b+ u
1 C7 l' f8 T( n. k8 b* a" |9 Q/ Y7 b
-ry结尾的名词没有复数 是集合名词： machinery   pottery  jewelry; P# g; b/ K: t. o1 A& W# P
turbulence 骚乱1 T2 A% F. u9 b) t
misrule管理混乱. |( z9 ?( K# i7 P
approaching/ imminent 迫近
. M- w& t- z: y+ H0 ^immolate v. 杀
6 U$ `- ~& g, s# g+ q
$ k( L* w: e3 s' n9 @' S& |, A) q# d& A% w6 V# \
) K2 M+ b6 ?6 V) {3 e
Lesson 27& [0 f! Z  o6 e6 I  ~) E

* @7 Z6 n% W$ f+ x1 |Why does the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world? Surely
" M+ v/ k- m- b9 J) K4 |4 |. Bbecause 恰恰因为progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around ! Q+ L) {5 z+ G" B- m4 X
us and is becoming more and more manifest. Although mankind has undergone
5 @4 m1 \) y& v( ano general improvement in intelligence or morality, it has made extraordinary
3 R! l2 a6 a/ a9 cprogress the accumulation of knowledge. Knowledge began to increase as soon 3 v4 r1 J0 ]5 V3 f  [# L
as the thoughts of one individual could be communicated to another by means
8 U; U8 m! X0 p, n5 E* f5 @6 O$ Wof speech. With the invention of writing, a great advance was made, for ( }2 a! \- c: y. s" y
knowledge could then be not only communicated but also stored. Libraries . ~3 j- _: F: d3 l
made education possible, and education in its turn反过来 added to增加 libraries:
1 D" I9 O- F$ o) }' S+ ^' Cthe growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law, which 1 [  q3 ?) p/ v& ?% u1 X. C
was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing. All this was comparatively
$ b! K3 H, C" M. Mslow until, with the coming science, the tempo was suddenly raised. Then
4 q* y, m2 @- P2 C* [; ?' h" ~knowledge began to be accumulated according to a systematic plan系统化.
- R) T" Y9 x2 xThe trickle became a stream; the stream has now become a torrent. 洪流Moreover,4 c& D3 Q4 w% B, I
as soon as new knowledge is acquired, it is now turned to practical account.

What is called 'modern civilization' is not the result of a balanced development 9 t8 C- `* l# F% L) y
of all man's nature, but of accumulated knowledge applied to practical life.
; B( n* x8 C! ~- M2 i6 bThe problem now facing humanity is: 人类所面临的问题是What is going to be
2 [% u6 y+ H; {' S3 Mdone with all this knowledge? As(代词指knowledge) is so often pointed out, , Y& N4 Z- a" N% }6 \3 ]
knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil. 1 ^3 X  H  K, U; L+ S
It is now being used indifferently(=indiscriminatingly) for both. Could - X4 g/ m+ r7 d1 {6 u$ I. C
any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical更加荒诞无奇 than that ' j7 i: X* T; r+ R' [6 H+ y
of gunners using science to shatter men's bodies while, close at hand,附近- H+ G; M5 S! d* w- O1 C
surgeons use it to restore them? We have to ask ourselves very seriously
* ~" B( ]/ G" |7 Xwhat will happen if this twofold双重的 use of knowledge, with its ever-increasing ' y- T! E* _; E( W! I" }: V
power, continues.& \/ U( |, S# q- O

) q; W* j0 c) N( B+ XHis humor added to the party. 使晚会增色
( j+ C& z& J' T8 ^Harmony among peoples makes peace possible, and world peace in its turn
$ U# J9 I# o8 Q6 O" n- o" Jenhances harmony.! o- s- M6 G/ e3 e" C
motionless, speechless
/ U; p8 ]; p  s. u' }0 }impetus 推动力5 `1 m& \2 f& y0 X2 R6 j& q, A' [
loom  vi.  阴森地逼近(贬义)
- W+ `  U2 _9 H; P& Y8 X# Lyou were on the way, he loomed out of mist.
2 t3 K5 R! g1 P" E2 dThe shadow of impending war looms ahead.
( [/ ?5 a  v' e% g0 p  nIt was approaching the vacation, the exams were loomed up.
! L1 G" S2 F- s6 \A high mountain looms ahead.横在面前& u7 ?* O' D- A0 G% P; F
manifest   = visible 明显的9 C' l. _* m- r
& B1 i: Q  Q0 k- g4 k6 [& W
mankind) ?9 E* f4 h6 J- e$ a( _5 Q( s# o
morality  moral code/standard.道德准则 to enhance people's consciousness $ d$ q. \% \3 i8 \7 @$ [7 r* t
of morality.; z/ ^+ c/ ~2 h/ R0 t/ N; y
communicate  enhance --among nations
+ f1 X$ G4 x$ V! }' }Language is a tool for communication/ is a communicative tool./communicative
" T$ J" P) e' O. i. rmeans.
5 U9 C, E4 v% u4 _enhance  friendship 增进友谊 enhance cohesion 凝聚力enhance consciousness/awareness 意识   2 d8 b( H! M. s2 z
boost 促进， reinforce.; q# {5 c5 ]& s# e% \& l4 q4 x# E
evil thought/even sign/vice president: 坏总统/副2 }1 J0 S/ G3 I/ i
fold 翻倍 fivefold , time---used in formal language
9 f. r  @/ c; i% Y" U8 b2 I5 H: B+ F) x4 V) c: G* s3 A

. w5 K5 I9 G( ~) S/ l9 I$ g$ |, ]Lesson 28
# ]/ P- @  G+ n
" V# v/ _3 ~- eNo two sorts of birds practise(=fly, 从事，practise  law) quite the same
* w  ?) ~- g9 e$ V' U3 q/ V2 I3 bsort of flight; the varieties are infinite, but two classes may be roughly 0 S4 q; W6 g" {  R9 r" o
seen. Any ship that crosses the pacific is
; r1 P- G8 u0 E8 Y+ X# Vaccompanied for many days by the smaller albatross, which may keep company
2 K* x2 U- R2 L9 ~- p! o/ ~with the vessel for an hour without visible or more than occasional movement

of wing. The currents of air that the walls of the ship direct upwards, - q& [; d; z4 O4 j. `5 c6 K
as well as in the line 沿着某条线走of its course 航程are enough to give   b4 P% C3 S/ [# Y+ I) p# ?4 H6 |
the great bird with its immense wings sufficient sustenance支撑力 and progress.# O) z5 a0 B5 a+ l/ C. ~
The albatross is the king of the gliders, the class of fliers which harness 9 g+ o% [  l5 R
the air to their purpose, but must yield to its opposition逆风. In the contrary
. a8 O- Z( N, L% Vschool the duck is supreme. It comes nearer to the engines with which man " m3 V4 V- L% B- c: S) o
has 'conquered' the air, as he boasts. Ducks, and like them the pigeons, 3 X0 v7 Q/ J: L( ?; l7 O: n
are endowed with steel-like muscles钢铁般的肌肉, that are a good part of
! s" T) n+ S  F7 P, c6 W. bthe weight of the bird, and these will ply提供 the short wings with irresistible
2 ^% T. t9 ]& Z! l+ J- [. ~) ypower that they can bore飞越 for long distances through an opposite gale逆
2 }: i4 i) l* h/ e$ z6 \+ i风 before exhaustion follows直到最后筋疲力尽. Their humbler followers, such
9 _+ B  C& L0 b, N# H: Bas partridges,鹧鸪 have a like(prep. v. adj.) power of strong propulsion(propel
! ~. r2 q/ q4 [" W的名词), but soon tire. You may pick them up in utter exhaustion, if wind , X; I/ d9 I6 O0 _, p, p4 S' T) F! O: {
over the sea has driven them to a long journey. The swallow shares the virtues * \6 v3 O# {8 Y& G( m0 F
of both schools in highest measure(to the highest degree). It tires not
/ A# a" B+ `1 K! K5 g* Dnor does it boast of its power; but belongs to the air, traveling (it may
& e  z/ w1 d: w3 O! M! U; ?be six thousand miles) to and from its northern nesting home, feeding its
: W/ }$ J5 F+ Hflown young as it flies and slipping(三个词并列) through a medium(layer of
; j$ B+ ~5 s1 rair) that seems to help its passage通过(the passage of time) even when the 0 F( g5 W9 e8 i3 M4 e
wind is adverse. Such birds do us good, though we no longer take omens(prediction)$ {. B& k. K4 E
from their flight on this side and that, and even the most superstitious 2 d. t" I! @+ P( S7 Y' L9 F3 R
villagers no longer take off their hats to the magpie 喜鹊and wish it good-morning." W4 ^5 V( E: D  S6 U" ]9 g; k
' [/ @- B& t6 E
we have to undertake a hard journey in seeking truth.$ e1 |0 s' ]/ |  {+ Y; K* f( H1 k
yield to/submit to/give in to/surrender to# O! y; ^6 f! V4 ?! _1 T  l
He yields to persuasion 听劝/despair. /temptation.
. e& S( a8 }8 S& v1 Bschool 用于海洋生物， 另有流派的意思school of thought 思想流派
* L: ]! @5 _$ R2 z+ F( Y6 `" Ione hundred blossom and one hundred schools contend各抒己见.百花齐放，百
- w! f6 c) B- P  N% S. M( a家争鸣
5 f& t7 e7 Z) u4 Iinfinite/endless/boundless/fathomless/immeasurable
# ^- Z9 Y! z& bHe is endowed with gift/talent./courage浑身是胆/power/3 w  |% s. ^. ?2 j
I am dog tired. /I am worn-out. I am drained.4 h4 T8 |2 ~1 E+ h4 t  N: H! a) ?
He is humble before his boss./He eats humble pie/lick the dust. 忍辱负重
, |: ?2 \* @  ]4 ^+ h: F+ p8 Sinferior to
2 Y# w( ?; A9 e( |( S' d" }" N/ ]utter: 完全的=completely/sheer. He is an utter liar. /utterance说0 @; p3 y. g. ^  R+ ~
I am flown .初来乍到，多多指教，fledging--羽翼未丰- l1 |8 c$ j3 ?0 X
adverse wind逆风/adversity makes a man. 逆境造就人 I went home with adverse
7 a9 P- J7 a" B7 \0 b& hwind.
3 b" y. i/ f8 a( |8 s2 z1 Fadversary 对手/favorable wind 顺风
4 A4 L  W" k0 S2 f& ?He directed me the way to success./ Can you direct me to......? 指向
) Q, v* P% Q+ _& @8 kThe tree can't sustain its branches. 支撑/ He has big family to sustain. : q* a1 ?' E& S; i/ B0 ~
use/make use of/utilize/harness solar energy.. q2 \" U# j3 S+ X& a8 n7 X
He is a magpie.他什么都舍不得扔

He is a crow.他特罗嗦( K4 x' v0 w9 g
wild geese 大雁 gander 雄鹅 goose 雌鹅
' R; n: m9 N1 D, q
  _, ]* ~0 E5 s$ k" K5 q: ILesson 29
# s) G9 g. X* G9 p9 N2 @1 T6 W; p- }2 p" D' J& e! H) Y6 @
A young man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or to express the emotion 3 |' _9 N  A( N* W" D+ u5 c
that it rouses in him(原因状语), concludes that it must be the gateway to & s. x* ]; a) E2 ^, d
a world that lies beyond通往天国之路. It is difficult for any of us in
: ^$ h& Z* Z. }1 R! Q) u+ Omoments of intense aesthetic experience插入语=(when we have the moments 8 j% L8 ]2 }; x3 ^0 J8 b' q  a
of intense aesthetic experience) to resist the suggestion that we are catching
: H$ @( g+ J% u' M6 Xa glimpse of a light that shines down to us from a different realm of existence,
0 H% ^; B! J( Y( @ different and, because the experience is intensely moving如此地快速，如" W5 r1 k. \$ y; P
此地让人感动), in some way higher. And, though the gleams blind and dazzle, ( `7 C: c2 k8 L/ j2 D) e
yet do they convey a hint of beauty and serenity晴朗,风和日丽 greater than we have known or imagined. Greater too than we can describe,(是无谓句exclamation) for
$ u0 a, O; l) y0 ~4 Elanguage, which was invented to convey the meanings of this world, cannot
' T  `8 A. `' ?1 x  v2 Lreadily be fitted to the uses of another.
9 C+ ?  {+ _( `# d
, h7 W1 t, F8 V+ \That all great art has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable.! a% }6 g. v3 d+ A1 |
In some moods Nature shares it. There is no sky in June so blue that it ( l' f' c! p* ]6 h
does not point forward to a bluer, no sunset so beautiful that it does not , W( l- m0 ~/ I
waken the vision幻觉 of a greater beauty, a vision which passes before it
* P# }5 Q# c8 wis fully glimpsed, and in passing 在流逝道德过程中leaves an indefinable
3 z2 q6 _8 D, T/ B8 ~+ Klonging and regret留下一种难以名状的渴望和遗憾. (There is no man in the
' Q5 F6 H2 j- d7 Wworld so nice that he does not deserve any praise世界上总有一些这么好的人
0 Y" @, a* P! b. ?值得我们的称赞)But, if this world is not merely a bad joke一个拙劣的玩笑2 F* X. S8 \. O/ N3 B8 r
, life(is not 省略) a vulgar flare(short in passing) amid the cool
3 R: E+ P% L, rradiance of the stars, 如果人生不是在冷冷的星光中平庸的一闪)and existence
$ A4 N  @& T: D+ Y) Tan empty laugh braying/donkey across the mysteries; if these intimations
) O4 d+ ]# P5 W3 }! [$ t6 y3 M; lof a something(指前边所联想的，sunset, blue skies) behind( inside my heart)and
! @8 B* H2 e. f& z% Vbeyond are not evil humor born of indigestion(come from misunderstanding), 7 ^* a5 J, \+ \) W( m
or whimsies sent by the devil to mock嘻笑，嘲笑 and madden us, if, in a
2 \2 L2 a9 y( qword, beauty means something, yet we must not seek to(try to ) interpret
. R3 k: b- L6 X2 k) uthe meaning. If we glimpse the unutterable, it is unwise to try to utter 1 R2 h- J0 ]4 C' I/ e( h% S
it, nor should we seek to invest with significance that which we cannot : u% @) t$ I& e+ O
grasp. Beauty in terms of our human meanings is meaningless.
' k6 d1 r/ H  j+ a8 E( Q
1 U4 y: C, Q6 X1 H9 \* J* U9 Grouse/arouse/inflame/stir emotion/excitement/anger/love! d$ ^0 F' V% r: c2 z6 e% v
This film is really rousing 激动人心, E1 a  N7 P1 s5 F. a1 v
intense love/passion /hatred+ w6 r/ W: k6 U* [. w
intense heat/coldness  酷暑严寒  intensive light/rays 强光
" l  i5 M% g0 c9 U! fintensive reading/extensive reading+ l1 k/ [% {, J1 z8 @$ @( f
intensive farming 精耕细作/intensified training 强化训练
* P* ]% {3 z8 _* nviolent/ferment/fierce/vehement

aesthetics /logic---logics 加s 表示一种学科
0 X" S. }: `8 f7 u" U( }The fireworks dazzle me. 7 g5 U" H& ~8 Z0 F5 w5 N
dazzling achievement 令人瞩目的成就7 M- J! I8 m+ Z: u
convey/transfer/transplant/transmit/pass over  info./meaning /knowledge1 z& O& v+ ?. u4 T' n- r! S4 w+ Z
serene--(poetic language)/quiet/peaceful/tranquil/   serene lake/face 静
# V" i  I( B0 L+ t- M' y% U/ I- K# n* c谧的湖，安详的脸
. ^& b" o  \7 ]3 X  SThe problem is readily/smoothly/painless solved. 迎刃而解
) c6 d0 O8 U8 sdeny oneself in sth. ---I deny myself in drinking.
. J1 ^4 |7 [4 l1 _8 [; Q9 BHis kindness/.hospitality is indefinable./indescribable/inexpressible./beyond
+ P" P7 D& i% Q9 P& i7 {3 ~words.
7 |+ ?6 x$ q' S( q& W8 j. P: I( Wlong for a villa/ long to have a villa/         yearn/thirsty/hunger----my
* x2 b$ W' W; N9 r6 ^6 c" A& J% }hunger for books.
! d% T( M7 X+ a1 jvulgar place 平庸之地，我们住的地方(和上帝比较)! N* T* b/ d$ b4 |2 f+ m% D  N
vulgar/nasty/earthly language.  He is mundane
; _$ u" |( z+ `0 \) B- Ecelestial/heavenly/godly3 i: S9 B! Y* v6 F+ T" {4 n; ~
radiant smile 灿烂的笑容  wear a radiant face/wear lipstick/wear long hair
/ m$ J6 T% ]8 B  q" hintimate/hint/suggestion/implication  暗示" v3 N# V! ?0 p2 }# m( ^
in a word/in short/in brief/in a nutshell9 T0 `5 a( D! [
I am an interpreter (oral)  translator (written)8 m/ P* F' M% \# N  K3 ]( J
interpret a role/play a role2 y9 ?( M/ u) {4 X  P0 F
He invested in China    Invest sb. with courage 赋予The novel is invested
; [+ O5 y7 B, b. H1 N* o  Bwith mystery.7 b, D" r+ Z% _, a) A9 f
beyond my grasp不可理解within my grasp  可以理解
( t$ n6 I! k$ {' O( f, S# ^6 a0 @grasp all and lose all.  He is very grasping.
+ r% {* Q* k8 x. z# U7 S) q# T; ?, q, W2 t" Q
# q: m8 o. T. U6 O- N
Lesson 30+ M4 b( e* o; R6 \% a' F8 H
6 g/ k- Y9 s: V1 f/ h3 y- g; Z
Each civilization is born, it culminates, and it decays. There is a widespread
& _& Z- ?8 C% }testimony that this ominous不吉祥 fact is due to(+反面原因) inherent biological
" p- b. h8 r+ x% Ldefects in the crowded life of cities. Now, slowly and at first faintly, ) f3 K: H1 T$ Q; d
an opposite tendency is showing itself.(As time goes on, the advantage of
, y$ e7 L4 [1 I* m1 x/ o9 Nmy sound English is showing itself) Better roads and better vehicles at first ) A" |- ^3 H8 X" F% Z
induced(=attracted) the wealthier classes to live on the outskirts of the 4 Y: v* ]  W# B/ h& O8 d
cities. The urgent need for defence had also vanished. This tendency is   p3 M' L& X  \4 v3 n
now spreading rapidly downwards. But a new set of conditions is just showing * L% O7 t! w' Z+ ]/ |; F* n$ B& W, h
itself. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth
1 n7 q" I3 ^( ^- C8 u  Pcenturies, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, (immediate & U0 {. ^/ i) X* z; G! v
goal 近期目标， immediate boss 直接/顶头上司)but concentrated(集中) manufacturing
# X. Z( c( P* p) v# ?6 mactivity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centres of ' g, N; T. m/ _' ?8 e' S, M2 C
the cities. Apart from the care of children and periods of sheer rest, the
: c' @8 Z" s1 g3 T6 M& r; ]active lives were spent in the cities. In some ways the concentration of 7 z/ h; P  d- s: E
such activities was even more emphasized, and the homes were pushed outwards
% ]5 }& h2 R' ]/ Beven at the cost of the discomfort of commuting. But, if we examine the trend 7 {" }) H7 Q$ T  C" v: p
of technology during the past generation, the reasons for this concentration
+ K3 j- }3 L$ h/ y2 u/ @- P( uare largely disappearing. Still more, the reasons for the choice

of sites ) [# K% u$ K3 K8 x
for cities are also altering. Mechanical power can be transmitted for hundreds
7 A5 v! u2 k+ g; p0 V8 V! mof miles, men can communicate almost instantaneously by telephone, the chiefs
1 A' {/ F( V% @+ y8 x5 e0 |; B  H4 Y0 W  qof great organizations can be transported by airplanes, the cinemas can ) Y5 j- [3 l1 |# E9 G" [; b( x+ X
produce plays in every village, music, speeches, and sermons can be broadcast.% |% {; O8 i) f7 N0 s( l
Almost every reason for the growth of the cities, concurrently with the
- I9 g% f, K: g* ^0 ]% L( `growth of civilization has been profoundly modified# c6 |  p& R- W% _; r" x. W
If you roll off my log, I will roll off yours. 你捧我，我也捧你; ]  [3 F( M# S  v
take heart 鼓起精神 beef up 振作起来a set of + sth. - F+ Z! q4 a# U( y
at the cost/price of
; c9 }! @) V, ?  g# |0 cculmination----多用于 抽象=/summit/peak/top
$ \; L) u& C* o9 h4 R% lHis efforts culminate in failure.付诸东流8 m* i# r. {. F4 [( j
moral degeneration/decay 堕落  mend one's morals 改过自新" E8 j) {# M8 p' L3 z$ D  h8 ?0 H
He reaches /attains the culmination in his thirties.
$ j* ]# D8 S+ c& i( Mvi. -- His effforts culminate in his success=lead to 导致* V% k* E6 s% Y; B9 q3 y. g
His efforts culminate in the prosperity of his family.
+ d! D) K0 b) g; k6 pmy health decays. Tooth decays /咬不动
8 s0 n# n; C) |) u+ {' M) ?& D# `Bear/produce the testimony to his innocence.我证明他无罪
: \( x) S( o2 x0 h1 D  C8 l& xthe sloth that inherent in him  天生的懒惰=inbred 天生的，inbuilt 嵌入，
5 r1 K+ {4 c' ^  x% g9 O. g' A2 oingrain /deep-rooted+ f2 Z+ j, I7 }; Y1 X3 w; w
I have the tendency to shop.+ M6 q0 B/ f, _0 \9 E; b
inclination (自己)的倾向
$ G- q9 q$ I+ n' [  U9 Strend/current 潮流
. X! e- n& T2 }. z' `" La set of rules/equipment/short stories 短篇小说集
: `# _( z2 X' S, j  P2 [sheer liar  大骗子sheer brandy 纯白兰地sheer rubbish
! h: V3 R/ r+ l$ W4 w# M: zMany teachers in the schools want to get promoted, get academic title, passed
$ z" D: C) U: R* K. f3 a2 Aassociate professor, money raised, house bigger.% B3 P. d% Q/ ?( |
place/lay /put emphasis on ..........=underline/spotlight: k9 v3 d/ F# J: c2 O. |" c
commuter time 上下班时间=rush hour  It's commuter time, I have to go.下班
: Y7 r/ J# H2 v: ?' I" i; {了，我要走了
# w% X# K6 `7 q. V$ XThers is a New York of commuters devoured by locusts蝗虫 in the day and ( l. J: N& L' G9 h: k; F
spit out at night.3 B! _. O, r* o2 ~
I will come in no time./instantaneously.
6 P3 w( l' @: I5 V% ~0 W! z& {preach a sermon by a priest.6 m: X& s; r. V& l5 T  E, T( s# o' t
profound theory /深奥    pround sleep
8 s' @/ k' G: E( ~& K: {; ^4 F% |5 w' D& u7 R: z& W" G

) h) u- }9 g+ v( ]2 D' o. L, ]: [3 @: S4 H
4 B$ ~( r5 c8 y% p8 ]! g

) S: P8 w% K- V# HLesson 31: a2 g0 D/ r6 O6 F

: ]- }) A7 g# M1 K) GMany people in industry and the Services(in America, it means army), who
' b& D; o& t# j) u1 nhave practical experience of noise, regard any investigation of this question

as a waste of time; they are not prepared=will  even to admit the possibility % ?7 P2 ^: A: z& J3 z5 m  _
that noise affects people. On the other hand, those who dislike noise will
/ a9 t# ]: }8 p% s# j. ~6 O0 Esometimes use most(前没 有定冠词，指very) inadequate evidence to support
- ~% B$ F: _$ ~7 j1 O$ itheir pleas for a quieter society. This is a pity, because noise abatement 7 J# b7 |$ A, V7 M
really is a good cause.(good thing) and=but it is likely to be discredited
/ J- r7 U2 `+ l+ i. fif it gets to be associated with bad science. One allegation often made ) s6 b0 |4 K: L1 _0 w/ q
is that noise produces mental illness. A recent article in a weekly newspaper,
  \0 H1 ?! o' x, S& a% D6 S for instance, was headed with(头版头条carry the news on the front page)
- Z% r$ o% Z# i- U3 xa striking illustration of a lady in a state of considerable distress, with " z9 d3 B# v- F% @2 U7 V
the caption 'She was yet another victim, reduced(made) to a screaming wreck   G$ X: ~" N  ]- n; X" U2 \
'. On(as soon as ) turning eagerly to(转向) the text, one learns that the
0 T0 `, q8 Y1 d. hlady was a typist who found the sound of office typewriters worried her 5 a) \& z! j  x
more and more until eventually she had to go into a mental hospital. Now
, [* ~3 b7 h' ]4 c" Vthe snag in this sort of anecdote(mostly unreal) is of course that one cannot 2 D  k% g  B: S. M( `" z1 y
distinguish cause and effect. Was the noise a cause of the illness, or were 1 u4 j& U0 ?7 g9 ~4 ^. ]8 \0 [
the complaints about noise merely a symptom? Another patient might equally 4 W* V: J4 L! O1 f$ n/ p
well或许可以(=have reason to do sth.)  complain that her neighbours were
. i% P' x5 H9 l0 }combining to联手 slander her and persecute her, and yet one might be cautious
. M: Z. j& i0 M; g! _& z% z3 labout believing this statement. What is needed in the case of noise is a
! s7 M1 ]1 d' o8 e% K+ pstudy of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions, to discover 6 s! U  R; i( T7 ]( V" s6 Z, p/ T9 ?
whether they are mentally ill more often than other people are. The United
9 k+ Q6 N4 O! T, a$ HStates Navy, for instance, recently examined a very large number of men
2 p4 l6 K2 D3 N2 H( p; I- a% Hworking on aircraft carriers: the study was known as Project Anehin. It can
8 G6 ?( k) a2 Obe unpleasant to live even several miles from an aerodrome(airport); if $ [' M; ~' x1 C7 w6 v( b: }9 F
you think what it must be like to share the deck of a ship with several 4 H  k: m( n7 w. v
squadrons of jet aircraft, you will realize that a modern navy is a good $ x- T/ w$ {. V4 O
place to study noise. But neither psychiatric interviews(精神病的采访) nor / J# p2 o5 E4 L, t
objective  tests(问卷调查，客观题) were able to show any effects upon these 7 ~( _6 v( k* d/ a
American sailors. This result merely confirms earlier American and British
3 z7 t1 p9 A* I  [studies: if there is any effect of noise upon mental health it must be so
: ~' P9 ^( ]2 g& Gsmall that present methods of psychiatric diagnosis cannot find it. That 9 ^4 K. P8 l3 W
does not prove that it does not exist; but it does mean that noise is less , C) v/ ~4 D" h5 V0 r* |
dangerous than, say, (=for example)being brought up in an orphanages--which 1 }4 i  h4 B2 c5 T& I
really is a mental health hazard.=danger
" w) p* o% a$ `; f: Fsophistry  诡辩术   baffling 莫名其妙 critical eye/eagle eye 辨析力8 w- Z* @& `, t& h
She may/might well be  proud of her son . 她完全有理由为她儿子骄傲4 E1 s8 G9 {+ {* M. k" M( G2 W
You may well refuse him.   grasping 贪婪的5 M. n4 M4 Z5 r1 T) }. P
the tears streaming down泪流满面
& Z* {; A- K# o% U% nshoot out 夺眶而出/  reduce to tears/laughter 被弄哭/笑
: h' ~* t1 p6 u' Kreduce to a skeleton 弄得。。。
; `( z; X5 |# Y5 d2 Eproject hope 希望工程& K/ e3 [3 a  X- I
make plea for aid/money 要求资助/ }% m' S! z7 H2 M! E: a' a( F  Z6 `
on the plea of sth 以。。。为借口I am absent on the plea of stomachache.
, A1 u  V$ `7 m+ Y" ]( Cplea for sth

abate----vi. 减弱危害和力量harm, danger. The danger of the poisonous gas , z" s2 \* r* t8 F4 |
abated.  
% }( [( o% H6 b3 CThe wind debated.   y/ L9 Q. v8 Y1 N
decrease /reduce----用于数量减少
4 j8 z+ @0 Z6 X/ B* I' D" }wane vi. 月缺) d/ y/ e# y/ _' M" M2 |
diminish----减少数量和power  The illness diminishes my strength/energy. $ \. h$ B2 o1 E) @% ]& w
discredit--不相信，你说的话要大折扣% l7 q1 m. e+ _' e( W
assertion-有证据                      claim/allegation---something no proof=
2 {4 `, }# X8 k+ C3 F% X+ phypothesis# G3 @8 Y& ]% j7 ^
It is alleged that .......= It is reported that....It is said that ....... 0 R0 j  f* y+ O: e9 r( I. r
matches--hatches-dispatches' p3 l+ J  q+ v! c; X1 }  _
sreack 老鼠尖叫  squeal  长声尖叫. u$ Y  l: u1 P, ^2 ~% R
hit a snag 突然遇到困难 run into snags   碰钉子hurdle race 跨栏赛跑stumbling
5 u, H- j7 M; {! g" I  Mblock 绊脚石 a lion in the way 拦路虎1 U1 n: Q1 o0 y& P- S9 L' L3 v! u
curiosity n. 珍闻(动物)   anecdote 轶闻(人)1 l+ }: @1 O( t: I3 j( m
slander sb. 诽谤某人 pour a slander on sb.     slanderer (程度最)诽谤者 - w" a1 V2 S8 N& p4 y& {
gossipmonger(次之)/rumor spreader   His words are so slanderous. slur---- 7 u. G0 N+ a- U& [0 m; Q: [
搞模糊  defame/backbite 背后中伤He backbites me.8 d' C; ]9 `+ ]0 B" t
eleven squard 11个人---足球队 women detached group 女子别动队/ q7 ^; R- |- ~6 L' _8 g
platoon 排 company   连 battalion 营 regiment 团  brigade 旅  division 师
; `) Z+ H8 y* O0 ^% g- o   corps 军
! g# A6 r( @% U3 o: Wbattalion commander 营长
9 [8 b9 O* A, G! G; u  Y: [a regiment of geese 一群鹅6 ?0 R/ G& {6 f0 z5 F: i" G6 n
a survey of American literature =brief introduction美国文学概况
, t* ^+ o: H6 P4 }1 c
( o0 P5 B" a, |: [2 nLesson 32: E, t5 f+ V2 S8 ~* j0 S, c

+ J* O: J9 J& y* _It is animals and plants which强调句 lived in or near water whose remains
+ L( \7 z2 }$ D' ]8 v8 b/ y( `6 b8 j, c8 Iare most likely to be preserved, for one of the necessary conditions of 4 E  _* w) ?7 v) O8 P9 v
preservation is quick burial, and it is only in the seas and rivers, and 3 s' n. m; A" T9 {4 ?: h
sometimes lakes, where mud and silt have been continuously deposited, that
- J1 Q2 z( R* y; B% A+ Gbodies and the like(如指人，多用于贬义) can be rapidly covered over全部覆
) n! s3 ~* |! W' J: j' M盖上 and preserved. ; Z, h" J- \) G5 u0 l8 o9 A
But even in the most favourable circumstances only a small fraction of the 6 y0 H) P! b- `# _" L
creatures that die(可能还有将来死的) are preserved in this way before decay
( ]; Z( L7 V5 E" s8 fsets in开始 or, even more likely, before scavengers eat them. After all, 2 G/ r2 N; H/ T! V* b
all living creatures live by通过 feeding on/live on靠••为生 ， 吃什么something % _) B* D+ {- F* y4 E
else, whether it be plant or animal, (ecological chain=the law of the jungle=survival
' l0 {4 @* B5 j5 A7 n* |of the fittest)dead or alive, and it is only by chance偶然幸免(chance meeting % N* S3 |# `) z9 `4 B0 i& n
邂逅 chance company 萍水相逢)that such a fate is avoided. The remains of 4 ]# z0 ]% U4 W
plants and animals that lived on land are much more rarely preserved, for   K; s# \  f) }. d" K' U0 u4 m) x
there is seldom anything to cover them over. When you think of the innumerable
  m- V9 a' f/ R' g. q, X) abirds that one sees flying about,四处飞翔 not to mention(/not to speak of

) the equally numerous small animals like field mice and voles which you   O1 v) c7 Z1 u2 K
do not see, it is very rarely(+副词rarely 是因为强调后面that 状语) that one
) f* N- P' M' y2 w+ Pcomes across(run into) a dead body, except,( H8 ^$ X& d. u- O9 |
of course, on the roads. They decompose and are quickly destroyed by the & c8 l' k3 h( a  K* n
weather or eaten by some other creature.
4 f/ ?+ B! y6 J" e2 w6 z+ JIt is almost always due to some very special circumstances that traces=remains + P! p/ R+ }9 p, U) V2 Q9 ^
of land animals survive, as by falling into inaccessible caves, or into
0 q) _) _' H7 k# r$ [5 t$ d1 Y4 F! ?* yan ice crevasse窟窿, like the Siberian mammoths, when the whole animal is   c2 m8 ~$ x! j. C) g
sometimes preserved, as in a refrigerator. This is what happened to the   I( A, P; X* C% P& k+ m4 p2 z  ]. P% X
famous Beresovka mammoth which was found preserved and in good condition.
; p7 h( S4 M& C& {1 W( rIn his mouth were the remains of fir trees--the last meal that he had before
1 v+ P/ _4 n5 O/ nhe fell into the crevasse and broke his back. The mammoth has now been restored   }  }! I% F% n4 s
in the Palaeontological Museum in Leningrad. Other animals were trapped
, j+ \8 M/ x; y" ~( X6 Kin tar pits, like the elephants, sabre-toothed cats, and numerous other
- h  Z2 y% v" p$ m( |creatures that are found at Rancho la Brea, which is now just a suburb of ; N$ A) M- r5 X
Los Angeles. Apparently what happened was that water collected汇集=assembled ' l4 r! U0 Y- z4 L7 y& w) W% d& R
on these tar pits, and the bigger animals like the elephants ven-tured out
4 ]: [: Y% a/ ]  i7 don to the apparently firm surface to drink, and were promptly bogged in 6 ]5 u7 P. ?$ c5 C+ h/ J
the tar. And then, when they were dead, the carnivores, like the sabre-toothed ( b* U6 M( B2 {. I9 U5 i$ G" ]* X
cats and the giant wolves, came out to feed and suffered exactly the same
* b0 T) ^& E6 v* tfate. There are also endless numbers of birds in the tar as well., O/ v. G" R3 T% |- c& O( ?
quail 鹌鹑 hummer bird 蜂鸟 cuckoo 杜鹃鸟
, j; D4 d( m3 R2 zremains-both human and animals, mostly human9 T9 t! D0 B/ `% P- G
body- both
8 I+ h- b( J: g' W' s2 H4 Sto pay the last respects to his remains  向遗体告别: z. J( I0 I/ b9 _9 G
a slip of tongue 说错话
$ J: B- {2 z; w) Y& Z# s/ c' sShe is well-preserved.  保养的好 poorly-preserved.
( G* `! k  _/ U, W7 g% lset in  vi.   Winter has set in early this year. 来得真早 Fatigue sets in   Q8 [" R6 E( A0 K
when one grows old.
. _7 L* i, b8 q$ b) p. Lmetaphorically ----比喻使用 obscene writer 庸俗的作家
- l" b" i+ V, Y$ Qcarnivorous 食肉的
( U+ X8 J% k, _) F+ `6 Fnumerous---many many, 数量多' M; }' @" B! }+ \  e$ o
numeric-----关于数字的! R5 G9 m; L* z& `' F5 e0 M
number----注册，编号
2 H0 D" D$ b" Z: \numbered------时日不多
. L. |4 r3 d: P6 T$ W: X. Jto play cat and mouse with sb. 欲擒故纵0 X1 l% s6 r3 p- j
She is a mouse. 胆小  He is a chicken. (man)
* S! x* M2 W4 I9 Z$ ~feline ---猫科的   They live a cat and dog life.---fight$ H' {/ B( M; K
I cat a nap only 15 mins.( [+ Z  v/ ]# L. q3 }0 Z
cat's paw ----牺牲品4 |/ I7 n1 Z1 [4 c9 A
Students should have access to  a wide range of readings.
: S0 x5 n- J& g8 k' ^The goal is inaccessible/ unattainable/unapproachable.
3 D7 b$ B, t5 ]; v+ B% y) mcold currents 寒流  Mammoth parade 盛大游行
  l6 I# T# J/ Z% A$ e) o% }. {A fall in the pit, a gain in the wit. 吃一堑，长一智

pitfall 意外的挫折和困难
- |5 m( ^: k4 Ipit boss  赌场老板; z1 z' @8 w' _1 ?8 U
I venture to buy some stocks( vi.)  joint venture 合资企业
7 x: A3 v- ~+ v3 ~9 FNothing ventured, nothing gained.
& F) w5 o' l/ I, WI'm bogged/troubled/plunged/sunk.
; |  d' E* }4 a1 E
0 J4 Y; i6 h9 R' G! ~Lesson 34
& l' }$ l" t1 j" X+ S% L' V. ]! V* f! d* U- B' U" F
This is a skeptical age, but(1+3) although(2+3)(2个连词并列，至少出现3个
; ^3 x5 i8 u; b' c! G* k* k动词) our faith in many of the things in which our forefathers fervently
+ l6 V- p* X7 W) I& U$ |9 k3 t& Dbelieved has weakened, our confidence in the curative properties=effects
, ]5 q  G8 v% e8 I* y; h治疗特点of the bottle of medicine remains the same as theirs(指代confidence).
6 w. m+ x& N$ h4 j- s This modern faith in medicines(all kinds of medicine) is proved by the fact " A, i- S  f% S
that the annual drug bill of the Health Services卫生部 is mounting to astronomical
7 p( }9 |4 r3 J) n9 }figures天文数字 and shows no signs (at present插入语) of ceasing to rise(=stopping & n3 t, o& }* O% i6 {- k$ |) w3 m" S
rising, cease +to do or doing is the same ). The majority of the patients # |% X; K* i' V
attending就诊(I am attending the hospital 看病) the medical out-patients
1 X9 ~+ ]% _, J3 r  M' v  Rdepartments门诊 of our hospitals feel that they have not received adequate
  k0 O; o. X# |treatment unless they are able to carry home with them some tangible remedy
' d$ @  Y: z" y: N# K1 W3 z2 iin the shape of (=in the form of )a bottle of medicine, a box of pills, or
/ ]# \5 l8 _+ n3 M5 H/ _a small jar of ointment, and the doctor in charge of the department主任医
* O5 N% D4 c7 `生 is only too(有ONLY就不是too 的否定结构) ready to provide them with these 6 f) I) f+ f$ e/ ~; i
requirements. There is no quicker(no+比较级= 最高级) method of disposing # O" H& v' X' K# D. K6 q3 C( @
of patients 打发病人than by giving them what they are asking for, and since % z+ a# \% g; g9 q7 r+ M3 v- y" q
most medical men医护人员 in the Health Services are overworked and have little / k8 I) C! `# l3 x9 V( W
time for offering time-consuming (费力energy-comuming,money-consuming 浪费
, S. }' @% p- U7 J钱)and little-appreciated advice on such subjects内容 as diet,(=body-building健
. ]& E" R! J+ _" ^! A( O" n身) right living,(=regular life) and the need for abandoning(=kick off/quit) % f: r+ n- P4 n+ [% l, h
bad habits, etc., the bottle, the box, and the jar are almost always granted
& o5 J  [3 V3 F/ ?+ q) }1 a% ?- ]them. Nor引出例证 is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has
; w: W5 x& n4 [2 _7 r! U+ {2 usuch faith in the bottle of medicine, especially if it be(省略了should,
3 _) t; ?) J, f3 G7 T. E) c虚拟) wrapped in white paper and sealed with a dab of red sealing-wax by / A* q" N9 t$ ?
a clever chemist药剂师. It is recounted of Thomas Carlyle苏格兰历史学家，4 z# i, I' k; ~9 _. X4 j
散文家( 要加人要用of) that when he heard of听说，(了解到read of /know of/learn # ?& G9 ]$ l% g8 z
of) the illness of his friend, Henry Taylor, he went off immediately to
6 w2 A. C8 O$ j. j; zvisit him, carrying with him in his pocket what remained of a bottle of + N0 ~" C1 L; z8 r: P5 t
medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs Carlyle's. (....of
% _% h$ J" Y( Y* W& A2 jsb's 这种结构强调唯一性)Carlyle was entirely ignorant of what the bottle ; ^/ h/ u4 f' }! H3 Z# M
in his pocket contained, of the nature of the illness from which his friend # S! F. O1 Y' I" s" ]
was suffering,(得病) and of what had previously been wrong with his wife, : k9 d4 z" c) h( @( r; V
but a medicine that had worked so well in one form of illness would surely $ ?  @4 D3 X( @: G
be of equal benefit (be of 具有=be benefical)in another, and comforted by
8 `/ W- H+ x/ R3 [the thought of the help he was bringing to his friend, he hastened to Henry
: t. a* c- p4 z" O2 Z0 qTaylor's house. History does not relate whether his friend accepted his

medical help, but in all probability he did. The great advantage of taking ' B" E, @2 s: N1 r. J" A
medicine is that it makes no demands on the taker beyond(=except) that 是
! i) |) m4 H; W2 j! Y指(demand)of putting up for a moment with a disgusting taste, and that is 3 [) G5 g* p/ @5 Y% c* B% ]
what all patients demand of(=demand sb to do sth) their doctors-- to be cured & v0 H, V: U% T$ S) o! `& \# _
at no inconvenience to themselves.
* i! \+ W+ j* N* {5 v" e1 DShe was sentimentally attached to this house, for(1+3) even though(2+3) : w6 n9 Z" a2 P+ f) i. j" K
it was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there long after 3 ~  D4 F  q  }5 W) h9 s2 E
her husband's death.1 a' g4 C$ B$ W" ~
skeptical ----be skeptical about    distrustful/doubtful/juberous.. m) H) |0 d0 g% c7 N: t3 Q# K
forefathers 祖先! A( N; ?! B# d* M
infectious 传染性的! ~8 j  Q, B% g, k0 w6 H
fervently 热情地  He has a fervent love for books, G5 [3 N8 `7 s
curative----- How about the curative effect?疗效 cure of cancer,  cure sb
' t) f6 n+ w& L: R+ }' W& ^  a ,  beyond cure, cure-all 万灵药  magic bullet 魔药* J0 a" g, \% @/ w# _
astronomical- a3 X, `# G8 d: i- m1 |' l/ Y+ T
sign
) _4 V/ S" S" Z& L8 N; I4 qtangible5 e/ w0 v" b+ X" H1 L9 `: N( C
remedy
' b, o0 t+ `  I- v1 [jar
& G5 K2 Q: j2 S& k0 U8 L! C4 b7 yointment  ----a fly in the ointment 美中不足0 z" C& s" y+ a# _' j  S
only too 非常 +adj.    only too hot =too hot   
) @1 u  T, s, K8 idispose  ----dispose of garbage, Man proposes, god disposes.% S$ ]: J: M- A. H% O+ B. b' H
little-appreciated 不受欢迎的=little-received/welcomed,  unsought 没人理% }6 i* Y/ q0 P! X) @+ Y
睬的+ L! c9 p5 J1 v( e
grant
5 h4 X+ Q# _: y. S/ t& s  Uignorant--- He always feints ignorance 装蒜
) L  |) ]- q0 c* pseal---have the seal of death on one's face 行将就木
8 C* Z# W5 M& `0 `0 [* Tsubscribe to  订阅报纸   inscription 题字write out a prescription 开处方
/ q& O( x7 P; C prescribe for a patient+ t* g5 t! F% @
dab
' i$ g3 {* q: ?  T, I! C% qit is recounted 据说
4 s( k: k1 P3 t! nindisposition  小病 minor illness , minor operation , I am indisposed 不6 K1 ~- Z7 [; `8 C
舒服  a2 k0 B; h7 l0 C/ J0 Z
hasten( S3 U* z$ F, Z
relate2 l, [. w0 Y6 e) R3 p6 Z
in all probability* \6 _; g' _0 y: J) g
taker- o. ]0 R3 F4 X* \' p! {" q
put up with---I can't put up with your ill temper    stand/bear/endure
( E3 E+ N# m4 P: G; q! N2 ddisgusting----eyesore 眼中钉，丑的东西# b$ L% [, O. g2 C$ B7 n1 U
inconvenience----if it is convenient to you, drop in my house.
  H1 I0 z, U+ m( n7 _' B. Utake convenience of sb= take advantage of sb

Lesson 37  Victoria(1837-1901)18岁执政， 前期unrest, alarm 后期--growing
1 z# S9 p) P! Y5 a1 Qprosperity: industialism, 工业革命free trade 被称为Britain was named workshop 0 b  |" K& P) U% T3 E! [
of the world 世界工厂。  1842年--cession of Hongkong to U.K. ------爆发opium / J: e$ w  J/ ~
war, 当时的文学背景---critical realism批判现实主义， 当时有人made big fortune,
/ F- U0 D$ @, D1 A+ d 文人开始批判， 代表作Charles Dickens 的"hard times"艰难时事--批判中产阶
' `8 P& g% H9 V) l9 M4 j  i级大发横财”the tale of two cities"---London & Paris 法国大革命, "Oliver % x! E' p' A" W4 Y. {
Twist"-雾都孤儿， “Christopher"
7 N# e5 W- ^& Q/ n" |- [  D; D2 U第二个人物是萨克雷， 作品有”Vanity Fair" ,还有诗人乔治，艾里奥特， 和Charlotte $ k: v/ E* _- X, T" ?8 E6 A! N
Bronte and Emily Bronte.% Z7 Z/ x* k' t6 K2 F" d" U( t
　　The Victorians那个时代的人们, realizing that the greatest happiness
7 N' f' m1 r# M6 iaccorded to man(given to man by God) is that provided by a happy marriage,
* m! }% ]1 p9 A, d/ ~endeavoured to pretend that all their marriages were happy. We, for our
+ y+ X# G  I7 D1 _' i% apart, admitting the fact that no feat(技巧，壮举) of intelligence and character # w% @$ O. ^  x; j
is so exacting精确无误，毫厘不差 as that required of two people who desire
& E  Q6 b/ b# N# j4 k( oto live permanently together on a basis of amity, are obsessed(痛苦，有包+ c! J2 m9 b2 m
袱) by the problem of how to render the basic facts of cohabitation同住 9 f( \2 S  [8 u$ y/ Z
simpler and more reasonable, in order that unhappy marriages may less frequently : [- U6 F* O" C# {
result(产生). The Victorians would have considered(表猜测，虚拟) it 'painful'  ?, f1 o+ Y. x* b) d8 `7 O% S
or 'unpleasant' were one to point out(=if one were to point out) that only
% Y2 ^# i  e) [" Dfour marriages out of every ten are anything but(4对不是被迫) forced servitudes.  H0 M; b/ n) g* s$ H& h% z4 Y
We ourselves start from this very assumption and try to build from it a ' Z6 K+ `; }, ~+ O' _! P
theory of more sensible(reasonable) relations between the sexes. Of all
1 c+ ?' H) n9 z- Sforms of arrant untruthfulness Victorian optimism appears to me在我看来to
6 |# L* \9 J2 K$ W, S  x( x( R. [2 Rhave been the most cowardly and the most damaging.   v+ @6 x; r* P4 r+ M
　　Truth, therefore, is an attitude of the mind.(a state  of mind 精神状
) G7 M9 L! e" \* `态) It is important, if one does not wish to inconvenience and to bore one's 0 f8 M, U) I& V, P# p
friends, not to tell lies. But it is more important not to think lies, or 4 V  J/ }, z: D/ a5 z3 W+ I$ a% {
to slide into those mechanical and untruthful habits of thought which are * K5 J" i0 w7 X$ l
so pleasant and so easy as descents to(作为．．的产物) mental ineptitude不8 B; e7 s4 m! B
动脑筋. The victorian habit of mind (which I consider to have been a bad
7 X- }  @9 s0 T" e/ Bhabit of mind) was unduly(=improperly) preoccupied占领，满脑子都是 by what 5 J' H# X" s& X' q& I0 o
was socially and morally convenient.(对社会建设和道德建设有利) Convenience
. d) i) i* W# V2 d  S2 I( B  ?8 Nis, however, in all affairs of life在社会的各个方面), an execrable恶劣的9 t/ O* z( U  f+ Z
test of value. One should have the courage to think uncomfortably, since ) q% N: O' |5 g7 L
it is only by rejecting the convenient that one can come to 逐渐think the
8 J2 E: `, }1 M( \; M* j" Ktruth. Not, after all, that there is any such thing as truth. 世界上没有6 E8 r6 f: j+ u. E4 a
说真话这件事=There is not any such thing as truth)   At best we can approach
. @' X5 J* U8 T6 N  Nto(=get close to) some relative approximation. On the other hand, there / n" s0 w* y2 P3 U9 `+ y/ ?: x
is surely such a thing as untruth. One is generally aware when one has said / N. J" [. P7 I- l7 x( Y
something, or acted in some way which has left on other people an impression(% B" m) m: Q) `$ d( ]# z
leave an impression on sb) not strictly in accordance with the facts. One
, O& `# X8 E: V/ M1 ~is generally aware, also. when one has thrust aside an inconvenient thought

and slid into its place another thought which is convenient. One's awareness
: U/ p7 r' ^  h* G( xin the former case is in general more acute than in the latter, since we 1 K" X& I3 a4 f" ]8 T! a
are more on the look-out for the lies we utter than for those we merely think.
5 G4 ?1 {7 f0 { In fact, however, it is the untruthful thought which is the more vicious   b+ F$ Q, B  O  }
of the two. Spoken lies are invariably(=always) tiresome and may actually ! Q6 O8 z! @0 [9 _
be dishonest. But continuous lying in the mind, a disease to which the Anglo-$ w- O" ?8 I& g0 t0 M
Saxon is peculiarly exposed, (英国老就爱犯这种病)spells(=brings about) the 1 R/ c) h: I9 s+ \; i9 q
destruction of human thought and character./ y* F2 G2 D  R- P- j# I
abbot 方丈8 L' b8 A- E+ a1 K
untruthful  爱说谎的
' r' ~5 G; [  b& Y$ P& X6 [My family is well off/honeyed.
$ L+ d/ v- k& z- h' ~should the burden 肩负责任8 w* r+ @( L/ o$ K9 V6 C# j+ }' n
mental enjoyment 思想的幸福0 E! k# ?0 X; S% v
destined fate 注定的命运  turn againt her fate 与她的命运抗争 tuberculosis
# s' w* U% }& G9 X/ v7 J肺结核* l6 g- o; |7 o& d
accord vt. =grant    He was accorded the permission to enter the library.
3 c- \( q$ t' }' o+ h  to accord the guest a warm welcome.9 ]0 {5 ^5 L% e/ h5 P8 j
on the part of us= for our part = in terms of ourselves  For our part, we
8 a- G1 a' ^, W' t2 b. dhave no objection.
7 i3 |- s/ z9 M9 k* [  I/ W: C; bamity n. ----mostly used in between nations  , harmony---family,    concord--1 s, K* h  g) ^# J" E- F" {
--nations and peoples, ----national concord  民族团结  Our family members
. k) ^; m9 o5 e+ z- l( sare/live in harmony/amity/concord. U: m; g, X4 w9 b1 W  |5 b8 S
I am obsessed with too much assignment. 烦 (程度加深)vex-annoy-irritate
7 Q8 J. p5 A5 h$ i% aI am obsessed with sth./sb. 迷住! O% N; ?  ?4 v6 q; j
render  致使，给予A serious illness rendered/made him rather weak.   render 2 U* o) G8 H. ]/ N3 m( W
thanks to sb. 答谢
: j$ B8 u0 |! Orender sb a favor/  render sth into English 翻译/render a role in the movie
5 m  g2 P9 N, @& J3 D扮演$ m0 C% [, d6 Y. `: |/ S+ i
He is in servitude. 没自由) g6 ~4 k2 ?* q" e8 ]
sex appeal 性感  E/ O+ U/ N6 d
arrant a. =sheer=out and out贬义 =downright9 {: h# a$ x+ W6 N$ ]* R4 y
spare me 饶了我把& X* S2 j1 L2 A% s+ c
adj. weak kneed/fainthearted/spineless/shrinking/           n.  chicken/craven/3 ~' d. m, k$ N
coward2 [4 j: t2 J- O3 x" y5 O$ W
slide into=slip into 不知不觉地陷入I slide into the bad habit of rising
$ ]/ |9 N% n% D. a* ? late. I am late riser.9 m8 z0 e8 @: u
-tude  名词后缀8 d5 o4 g$ x0 w* b5 ?* W( c( ?
clumsy/inept/bungling8 q0 D+ N6 F0 m2 F: y
excess/unduly/extreme/immoderate/immodest/overmuch  过量，过分
3 m8 [) k2 c# i9 adebased 指人ignoble/abject/coarse/contemptible% e% y5 J6 {  u3 B- F
reject+抽象词+idea. habit     /abandon+sth /discard+具体+clothes /toss up - j8 [6 v: U0 o
往上扔硬币/! v: ~/ d/ d  L) G
acute eyes/eagle eyes/observant eyes/decerning eyes

bat eyes/
1 d& z+ h! C6 F# I0 xI am on look-out for sth.  提防  on the alert/on the guard/2 I8 H' o- ?: X" M4 O
thrust/cast  sth aside  把。。扔到一边 thrust my English aside ,   thrust
. s1 ?5 h& @+ U. e1 J) mone's way through the crowd / elbow one's way,  挤出人群， thrust five yuan
) B6 y- J* T  E3 k- u: T  v; zinto my hand 塞给 thrusting 盛气凌人
  ^, D- D6 r- X9 {Girls don't want to expose themselves in the sun.  Be exposed to ----Students
$ k& C3 v7 @9 g6 r( F6 j7 q# Eshould be exposed to more reading.
" p* d/ S/ B( U4 ^0 vspell---导致lead to/result in/invite/incur/     Pride spells failure.
& X1 ~' x) b9 FAnglo-Saxon  ----449-1066 , 410--Roman Empire falls--Roman troop retreat ; b( q  C  F  }/ @9 u1 R/ E* V
from Britain ----由Celtic 凯尔特人(土著居民)占据----后来了三波人---North 5 a4 R2 a3 X& s+ y
Europe, Sweden, Norway,Danmark 演变成Anglo--Saxon, 诺曼底登陆来了Willians一
# }7 }6 K8 N' n! y世, 带来很多法国文化