Whether it be bird, (may/might 省略,让步句型,=be it bird)fish or beast, the porpoise is intrigued with anything   D; B0 ?$ M* |9 M/ }, ]
that is alive. They are constantly after 追逐the turtles, the Ferdinands (背景故事,一条倍受凌辱的bull, 受气包)of
6 }" {7 U( W) Y% `$ P+ [6 fmarine life, who peacefully submit to all sorts of indignities. One young 8 P1 _7 g* J5 E1 y
calf (不到一岁的小动物都叫calf)especially enjoyed raising a turtle to the surface with his snout (long mouth)and ) v* I) j* K/ j2 x
then shoving him across the tank水池 like an aquaplane.  Almost any day a young 6 f4 y9 y0 {5 H/ t, w" @
porpoise may be seen trying to turn a 300-pound sea turtle over by sticking ' R( @  m% u! x* \3 a
his snout under the edge of his shell and pushing up for dear life. This
( {, o  N/ a  ~% g; Gis not easy, and may require two porpoises working together. In another 2 l* [- h$ h% D4 m$ ?: g
game, as the turtle swims across the oceanarium, the first porpoise swoops ; _: [2 U! \" \; W' p% ?/ W
down from above and butts his shell with his belly. This knocks the turtle - i* F' p( E! y, ?: |% ]3 A7 _
down several feet. He no sooner recovers his equilibrium than the next porpoise 2 \" e4 z* N/ w5 R. Z! B! v% `
comes along and hits him another crack. Eventually the turtle has been butted
* ^/ T- D' j+ J- ]all the way down to the floor of the tank. He is now satisfied merely
6 s: w  E4 J, {) J; f; C2 ]/ Uto try to stand up, but as soon as he does so a porpoise knocks him flat. ) [1 B3 z* [0 L. V: k9 `. E; v$ S9 l
The turtle at last gives up by pulling his feet under his shell and the 4 U" e( ^. E$ v/ \
game is over.
8 u6 \  x3 Q! d; ?" v" QRalph Nading Hill Window in the Sea      f: L: t2 z9 u: A- ?8 ~+ T
9 ?; _4 ]6 i" v* }* p
He scarcely recovers when….4 E6 D8 t8 O$ ^1 F* Z
Scarcely does he recover when…. 倒装
5 m& e1 y9 i$ Q9 f: N4 ]- ]* C9 d/ y. t0 a: b1 n# p6 S
Marine product 海产品
+ F0 ]! @7 R9 mA+ words….   表语词 afloat, adrift, ashore, asleep
! N6 f7 k0 ~7 ?3 Q. I5 D4 c' i/ w! Y: \& u- B5 A
Scent---身体发生的味道
$ b. I9 C. b  F6 gFragrance –flower, tree, grass,    fragrant hills 香山
* Z+ z5 q0 @. ]7 Y3 N" eAroma ---- 强烈的味道
' m9 F1 R! ^4 [7 }% }8 \Perfume---(aroma  可以用)3 Z$ J3 k$ k1 x9 [3 a

" c  l; ?/ \8 f, ]6 hEnsue year—来年, following year
% E0 R( o( O$ J3 q. pPreceding year, 前年* s/ E' q; I6 d

! C3 J- ~- _. z; ZIntrigue---引起兴趣,常用新闻体journalism1 c5 ?$ f! [! ^9 J: o% W
Arrest/capture/seize/grab  +  attention
5 M) T. R2 W2 O- a5 zThe event is intriguing 文体强.(=interesting)
7 n# y* N/ |% d0 U1 d
, ^1 D: z9 n& r  h# f) p9 {, O+ S, DDignity<>indignity4 U- i& r0 S" _' R* r+ H
It is beneath his dignity for a gentleman to lie.* k* E* p1 w$ ~' ?3 A+ d3 ?
Stand on one’s dignity
* J% Y! R7 a. H/ `7 F0 U2 [He stood on his dignity by rejecting the money his boss gave him.
$ d- @* E' N# O$ n! ^1 ZIt is indignity to say sorry in public.

Lose face (口), humiliate , insult
# r$ U3 j7 \2 r  m4 I% o
0 J4 @* k2 W7 A2 D& `There was much shoving 硬推on getting on the bus.
6 a' ~. P" e1 T5 O8 X9 JHe shoved to the ground.* I7 \# e5 h$ O8 G! q
; y3 ]* ^2 l# I/ n1 \+ x, x) ^
I got the wrong end of the stick. 我不懂& Y, I& B) @- F
I stick at home. 8 T) h: {+ ^' b' _2 r& d9 z# I+ J7 C
I stick to my words.
9 K0 N* G% o5 {( ^2 \+ YI am stuck on the movie. 迷恋
* d" ^# ]4 q$ |; ~/ S: t/ a4 dThe bad habit sticks to me.
  ]8 {8 f  J$ A4 b3 r8 s- ~8 s
% z9 f! j/ n9 ~* M4 U: A6 L/ F5 {Bone and shell script, j0 U% q) \+ o
For dear life  拼命地
. J+ B/ m2 T- W5 LChase sb for dear life.
# s4 c$ r# h5 a. C+ ~! h% y8 K& eNatural/greatest/dear enemy 不共戴天的 仇人
: s: ~6 A! o$ p5 |5 n* ]狮子,老虎的扑------pounce
# E$ Y  K+ w! ^) l海洋动物的扑----swoop0 t2 d; ?( @2 T
" i( V" Y7 }+ r5 N+ A
I butt him in the stomach. 一头僵局2 D* a$ j' k" H" E9 _& w8 j
Can I butting ? = interrupt
0 a: r! p* p0 x+ ]Belly laugh 笑的肚子疼* t$ p; k/ A4 j# o2 {7 {$ X$ r
Abdomen 医学用语
( ]# F6 k5 _0 I* X) JPaunch 大腹便便
- V" C/ k7 c) N1 h8 H+ \
- `$ m: T' h1 g) Y# p) lCrack English 练英语6 A4 U+ Z- Z! E7 u
Crack case 破案- s) R" W5 z% W8 w: Q4 M& {1 ?! L
Crack bottle 开瓶  Y/ f* c/ ^- I, {. l. m7 _( }# I
Crack smile 绽放笑容
8 q; A5 E9 W  J# O, j/ NCrack book 读书
3 a- u* F& d$ |& N0 i& {% ^! S  T7 U7 N. i( c# L
Defensive 防御<>offensive 进攻
, W$ O6 J5 n" }" ^% G# cOut of instinct 8 h* \9 ~2 d0 W* J6 M
Out of conscience

Lesson 23) n/ d% ~0 _9 \( k9 R- L
: e, k5 ]" J& w, G- E, Y, U% Z
　　It is fairly clear that the sleeping period must have some function, . S( J1 `+ W4 {5 Y/ u5 f
and because there is so much of it(sleeping) the function would seem to
) ]1 G! ~/ C, {  f' U# L* mbe important. Speculations(猜测) about its nature have been going on for ' i8 i4 }4 Y2 \$ q- H+ o- D7 e
literally(actually) thousands of years, and one odd finding that makes the : l& c7 f! A. T& \7 m
problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if(虚拟) sleeping is not
- z* H4 p  U" j, x6 b. B7 Z) p' [1 Wsimply a matter of giving the body a rest.' Rest ', in terms of muscle relaxation & X+ h. h% {( A' z6 ?" y1 V
and so on, can be achieved by a brief period of  lying, or even sitting 3 W1 p7 [$ f7 U8 b6 g
down. The body's tissues are self-repairing (self-correcting/self-adjusting) ( _% _5 _7 y3 Z( g2 c# ]/ q9 x
and self-restoring to a degree,(in a sense/to some extent) and function
* G, k; v$ v/ e" j2 a* Wbest when more or less continuously active. (省略了主语tissues 和谓语are。
' v8 V0 ^! A1 Z6 U9 f' a, k. d$ ]7 N 如果出现when/if/though句型做状语从句，而主语的主，谓语与从句的主，谓语相
/ ~$ G, M& X2 [* q1 h! I同，则从句的主，谓语可以省略。如： I got to the school though(I was 可省" X/ j0 k3 p( w/ r7 T5 j
) late ) In fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep which is
+ |& L& e7 b  r. cspecifically concerned with ( be about有关)preventing muscle inactivity.
. j( X0 u  B3 R) R2 I: l0 _$ E/ S8 b0 o, w3 x; X
　　If it is not a question of resting the body, then perhaps it is the
; J7 `: S& c& u9 P; gbrain that needs resting? This might be(虚拟) a plausible hypothesis were
" e- y2 ]7 M# Y  e& D1 Q2 Rit not for (倒装=if it were not for rug如果不是因为=but for 例：If it were ( }3 o" y  ?! _
not for his timely help, .../ But for his timely help,.....I would not survive
: I- g$ ~+ x' \4 q. u, x2 K)two factors. First the electroencephalograph (which is simply a device * c* t3 t% j# l" d3 }5 ~
for recording the electrical activity of the brain by attaching electrodes
2 S" K; F8 g1 n( Z! T$ @* L4 vto the scalp) shows that while there is a change in the pattern(type: lie
$ ?: z5 O7 C1 R/ Bflat/lie on one's side/lie on stomach) of activity during sleep, there is
; y- a7 D9 I6 i" Nno evidence that the total amount of activity is any less. The second factor
: J: D  y9 D7 d( |1 n# _* ?is more interesting and more fundamental.(基本就是重要的意思) In l960 an 1 X+ P3 t/ ?9 d
American psychiatrist named William Dement published experiments dealing / H) G- @3 _4 S' G" `" }
with(be concerned with) the recording of eye-movements during sleep. He
' O& r3 e; J# e6 N9 A# ~showed that the average(common) individual's sleep cycle is punctuated(时1 R; ~1 Q6 \# N( i* G  B+ s. [, r
时有东西干扰) with peculiar bursts of eye-movements, some drifting(指 some
0 i1 B* \) M# Lmovements) and slow, others jerky and rapid. People woken during these periods + Z7 n" a4 U9 C  h$ d9 D! ^
of eye-movements generally reported that they had been dreaming. When woken ( }8 C7 c, X( u9 |" d; s1 U
at other times they reported no dreams. If one group of people were disturbed " G# n" z! H( F# v4 G
from their eye-movement sleep for several nights on end, and another group
6 p& E4 Q; K8 Y2 ?: s! U' V/ nwere disturbed for an equal period of time(同样时间) but when they were - u2 B2 a9 w" }2 C: b- ^& t9 J
not exhibiting eye-movements, the first group began to show some personality
* N' [4 T8 ^& idisorders while the others seemed more or less unaffected. The implications
: B; y+ V, f" wof all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered,
% D9 d4 L4 n* ?+ Tbut the disturbance of dreaming.  1 G1 W8 ?9 t; W  ~* u
dream teller 解梦palm reader" Y7 Q; P( f6 N1 F8 n! h
be concerned about 关心

Lesson 241 |6 A& H- \. _

$ c+ \. r& r4 C& Q: n　　walking for walking’s sake纯粹是为了散步 may be as/so(=such a ....thing)
( D" i' X2 X. r, w4 l! g3 } highly laudable and exemplary典范 a thing as it is held(认为的正式用法：' |% X/ R1 K2 w' i
maintain/view/argue/hold/) to be by those who practise it.(简单点： Walking
% |- f0 I( S* W8 }* O1 o4 z7 rfor ......is ...thing which is held to be .......) My objection to it is 3 N/ g  j0 H" w' E; m
that it stops the brain.(表达自己观点的句子不要超过10个单词，cuz your mind
! B2 u; [' b; p4 K) c  Y& _3 ^is mudded 混了， 套从句不要超过2-3个) Many a man (后面加名词复数，但谓语动
# J7 b. m3 F' P/ H8 U8 f词用单数： many a time/many an occasion/many a thing)has professed to me
% ~' d$ S4 m5 Othat his brain never works so well as when he is swinging along the high
* _, n4 c- E: G0 C; B% proad(high mountain road山路) or over hill and dale. This boast is not confirmed 0 R  d( H. |2 {; V# m) j
by my memory of anybody who on a Sunday morning has forced me to partake
2 G! p% v. H& jof his adventure.(介词OF 后面的句子是介词宾语) Experience teaches me that 5 g/ t/ L6 ~2 e. ~0 s; Y
whatever a fellow-guest(共同赴宴的人，fellow worker 同事， fellow actor
: {$ w: ~4 R+ R1 D8 ~, M演员搭档)may have of power (=whatever of power a fellow-guest may have )to
0 c0 u, Q# o, [4 t% vinstruct or to amuse when he is sitting in a chair, or standing on a hearth-rug,
7 V% O1 \- I3 O# Z壁炉前的一块地毯 quickly leaves him when he takes one out for a walk. The
) `# I+ G; d" T9 X2 C* c- C9 pideas that come so thick and fast 丰富迅捷的to him in any room, where are
& P' _* S7 T% ]they now? (上句没有谓语，名词或名词短语+问句，是感叹句： Women, who can live them? Women, who can live without them? The man, who I respect and love so " R0 o; \. o( x  N8 L4 |
much, where is he how?) where that encyclopedic knowledge which he bore拥! ~+ d: d/ f4 d* O' Y& N! n( x- z$ ]
有的 so lightly? Where the kindling 象火花般fancy奇思妙想 that played(play...
1 t4 Y9 l* b, h& x" U.over:对......发挥作用=function) like summer lightning over any topic that $ O% `& P# k8 ?: t5 [# C
was started？The man's face that was so mobile(expressive) is set(rigid
% a+ X% @. \: e+ P僵化了) now; gone is the light生气勃勃的活力 from his fine(fine arts原指：3 B5 h9 [! X# s* `3 U- V/ S
工笔艺术) eyes.锐利的眼神 He says that A (our host) is a thoroughly good
; O9 p* J1 N0 w) [  ^. Nfellow. Fifty yards further on(going on), he adds that A is one of the best , `5 W) U  g% I
fellows he has ever met. We tramp another furlong of so, and he says that
$ d! y9 h0 _$ D, O3 d! ~! kMrs A is a charming woman. Presently he adds that she is one of the most 4 \6 z. B. Q5 W) i% W. ^
charming women he has ever known. We pass an inn. (tavern: 最脏的小旅馆)He
& P* _6 W& X  y+ m% o# v2 y( |+ Rreads vapidly aloud to me： ‘The King’s Arms. Licensed to sell Ales and
! t, t& z) J' G+ E+ U2 gSpirits.’ I foresee猜想 that during the rest of the walk he will read aloud
! U% @. W  x9 C4 U0 D4 m+ {any inscription that occurs. We turn a sharp corner急转弯 at the foot of 4 c1 l' D% L# O2 F
the hill. He points at the wall, and says ‘Drive Slowly.’ I see far ahead, " Q$ M5 I' O5 M
on the other side of the hedge bordering与什么相连 the high road, a small / x5 M& ]' b( q
notice-board.提示牌 He sees it too.  He keeps his eye on it. And in due 2 R# b/ k0 H9 g4 {4 k1 M
course(就在那一刻=at the very moment) ‘Trespassers,’ he says, ‘will be 5 Y/ W3 q, W4 z, o2 n& s- O; q
prosecuted.’ Poor man! ━mentally a wreck. 纯粹是个废人0 s4 B3 w# x; }7 {, |1 W

; ?2 T# }& Q; |: l3 h; genjoy the scenery of both sides.& r9 s: G- L% e9 a5 X* U
for..... sake= for the sake of
: {7 |& q6 e' C" p4 g5 \  tfor old sake's sake

He objects to /be oppose to /take exception to反对this suggestion.. V5 d9 A( M  R( ?
Mom objects to this match 婚事
: z* S$ z0 P6 P, I  h* V+ ]laud/praise 赞扬
; u- K7 ~' r  @laud sb to skies 把某人捧上天7 E  D5 f) M5 ~3 U) {$ U! e
exalt: eulogize, hail3 J5 E% L) x+ C+ m7 `& E7 \! [' O4 `) s
Bush hailed the sound relationship between China and U.S! ^0 X7 O0 k7 V% I8 @) M% y
ode 赋：
) n$ _% }/ f; r$ b2 VIf winter comes, can spring be far behind?
9 c/ H& e; r+ x- klaudable. {5 s; u! f( ^5 n- w
praiseworthy 值得称赞的
, x0 {  X( q5 }admirable 值得仰慕的6 t( y5 W% n  P; Y5 N# U# }
) l, |) q: o- A7 d
声称： profess---He professed himself to be a Christian
) P4 K  g6 u# a, R5 @0 R9 q              announce: make public 5 U$ d) U( w2 a- b: c7 g$ n
           declare通过法规来宣称----declare the war on Japan' n  V. i: b/ B
            I declare the opening of the Game.1 v8 P: ?& E# I+ ~( h: H
溜达： stroll- I stroll on the street. 7 {$ U/ l, @* u# L  @
        ramble/prome`nade 漫步 I take my dog to promenade.% ]7 f, a: ^( k0 [  x
he is very encyclopedic./comprehensive/all-inclusive/embracive/all ranging
1 B( e  c2 }, B" G' Y3 n知识丰富
/ _( {/ C# m$ Z8 K; f: b0 y) _6 ]乏味：vapid/banal/colorless/toneless/dull/lifeless /monotonous.
% }6 L- n3 {: f; A& q准许：permit/license(书面的)He permits me to go/ license plate.
1 N% \6 x9 r( ]" b; H* S  m% A0 U5 `" j
invader侵略者infringer侵权者/offender法律上犯罪者/trespasser  侵犯者
! [0 ]6 ]5 y- B
9 I9 ^) B$ I% \3 U" aI am a wreck of my former self 身体一天不如一天
7 W5 L" T( O; Z4 nmy health goes bad to worse9 d7 t# S- N7 h# K& u6 |. W# C2 C' K& i. }

/ {7 V* z) k2 [1 Q) M/ I1 i; Qplaintiff 原告 民事
: ]5 Y& ?; V: \4 sprosecute 原告刑事
4 B  \4 j  [5 T# @1 ydefender.辩护者
* E( T3 ~& x+ c2 ?" T" N3 F+ w, a% l$ t* d
verbal evidence 证词
* r  [) ~* E) i3 s2 h" e: ] material evidence 物证* `8 ^& o& ]  J& P, H( G$ Y
, s+ n3 Y# S5 D3 I8 F  y3 c  _
Lesson 26
1 `# ]8 C# m( H" b' c# P* M- |
* E5 P: k4 z3 J3 R0 S$ a! }　　William S. Hart was, perhaps, the greatest of all Western西部片 stars,
- A7 c1 b( Q/ x" y! efor unlike Gary Cooper and John Wayne he appeared in nothing but Westerns. 3 K& l  I4 X8 o: ^8 Q) u
From 1914 to 1924 he was supreme 首屈一指and unchallenged (matchless).It 3 Z) O0 X& X, I  o
was Hart who created the basic formula of the Western film, and devised/design
- E' |5 Q& A- f4 J) C# O: K& mthe protagonist主角 he played in every film he made, the good-bad man,本
6 ?. i7 h* n- H2 `* P- q- R质好，偶尔作坏事的人 the accidental, noble outlaw亡命徒, or the honest but

framed受陷害的 cowboy, or the sheriff made suspect被当成嫌疑犯 (he was made % X( \) I$ t" U! W+ Z
Chairman 他被选为主席)by vicious gossip; in short, the individual in conflict
$ s5 B* {1 D: J6 A+ Xwith himself and his frontier environment.(同位语)# k$ \" }2 {) F- {; K
9 ?: j! r3 O$ i% I8 i
　　Unlike most of his contemporaries同时期的人 in Hollywood, Hart actually ( U3 @0 X. X( I* r
knew something of 略有了解the old West. He had lived in it as a child when
) H; ~4 q6 @; t9 {3 Zit was already disappearing,西部在消失的背景知识) and his hero was firmly
2 y( P3 |' U, t3 A& b; x" I  irooted in his memories and experiences, and in both the history and the
0 \3 |; `3 {$ R& ~$ vmythology of the vanished frontier. And although no period or place in American
. j3 H0 [# R" i2 o! L/ [4 Ihistory has been more构成最高级 absurdly romanticized, myth and reality , c7 @+ r' G' S! n( T' d
did join hands/coexist  in at least one arena, the conflict( 是arena 的同
' n+ s6 C: z8 y, k位语) between the individual and encroaching超出通常界限;侵蚀civilization.- o& L' B- n+ K* \1 e" l

- n2 s& `  F$ M: _　　Men accustomed to struggling for survival against the elements and Indians
, D, N8 F4 N3 j9 Ewere bewildered by politicians, bankers and business-man, and unhorsed 放! @/ e: R0 D! }
弃戎马生涯by fences, laws and alien taboos禁忌. Hart’s good-bad man was always
- w  _, N& Y* e/ }0 w- Aan outsider, always one of the disinherited, and if he found it necessary
- U6 J: N# V+ n& yto shoot a sheriff or rob a bank along the way, his early audiences found ! V  Z, B9 E$ P2 t6 u+ {3 ?
it easy to understand and forgive, especially when it was Hart who, in the
5 g& Q$ ^7 X" p- T; P( eend, overcame击退 the attacking Indians.
, b9 x6 ?; Z2 P" t/ v. B* l8 \　　Audiences in the second decade of the twentieth century found it pleasant 5 Z0 H8 t7 `) h3 h
to escape to a time when life, though hard, was relatively simple. We still ; I2 b6 }4 t' C* [+ I
do; living in a world in which undeclared aggression, war, hypocrisy, chicanery," t5 b# D! Z5 [4 t' B
anarchy and impending immolation随之到来的死亡 are part of our daily lives, 4 e2 C4 o" ^% L; {$ [& P, _0 r' u# z
we all want a code规则 to live by.
9 z7 p2 X/ U& lfight across 难以定夺5 L# H/ S% Y6 q
out of impulse  一时冲动
& F7 \) ?0 r5 b2 G% I, a8 Y. rnoble: 1, rich,  2, noble-minded
% M4 W( r7 P/ D$ {3 R; t3 E- `! W2 fnothing but ........仅仅- m: u: V/ @$ O
He is nothing but liar. 他是骗子& `# w0 I3 c; b! b! f. b. Y/ u
he is anything but liar. 他不是骗子0 s) P* g* I/ `# L4 }( G% K8 [
he is nothing but angry 他很生气
: H+ i$ O7 E$ u, QHe is anything but angry 他不生气
2 S( p5 y. B3 o2 a9 M" B# T0 ?7 r9 F- u1 d6 k/ H* ~1 X  |

6 n2 {# }  X* F+ u/ ~& d+ R9 d5 @9 U9 H" V1 T2 U
superlative degree 名词的最高级+ L. ?$ w: O6 ?+ e: p8 K
intermediate  中级的
0 E( O3 Q9 U/ M9 s1 ]male supremacy 大男人主义, t7 u2 ]7 k" S1 e8 |
grey mare 胜过男人的妻子
  m1 X, ?+ A$ r- U" e/ L2 e. [second to none 最高的second to.......仅次于# r& h- g2 a) E
antagonist  反面角色# D) V/ T! o! A2 Y0 ~
leading role 主角

supporting role 配角
  O4 @# Y; n7 @+ f5 ~" Z8 Oextra 跑龙套
2 ^/ Q# ^- l8 F2 S4 }! lhighway man 打劫的，deliver 拿钱来
" }9 B& O( @7 e% b恶毒的venomous/heinous/malicious* c* X. N. P" |
gossip monger 传谣言的人 gossip 比rumor 危害大
- |' }  `* f, Q% nin brief / in a word 总之, \+ \, E: k0 o$ ~
under the environment 在。。情况下 (不可用复数)
! R/ S/ W9 A8 Y" G% H  }environment makes man 环境造就人
& c6 V! Z4 c$ ^& S; y5 x3 l' v1 ^) Fpolitical arena 政治舞台
5 ?2 w% k2 P  m- S2 ~, ^( E/ ebullfighting 斗牛
" H/ g. t8 p( R( |' t" n! e0 J8 G# }encroach 侵犯---American culture is encroaching globally. =penetrating
* W0 `& g. B- u9 }) vHis speech is penetrating. 入木三分' q2 B1 c- M, R6 M/ G5 S1 o3 n4 e+ Y
baffle /muddle/wilder 迷茫 I was bewildered. disorient 使。。失去方向) z5 R6 r# y$ l/ q* x  {0 w' L
alien word  外来词
8 d4 P& ]4 Y- k+ M2 v! {don't alienate us 不要离间我们
, l' q) e- \' O# s1 F& Ohypocrisy 伪善hypocrite 伪君子hypocritical 虚伪的
7 x# v( I) r* Vchicanery 诈骗cheat欺骗钱财/deceive one's feelings/hoax--just play trick 4 k, h: e7 w) p% V9 x1 H0 J
7 ?* L) \, S3 e! L9 }: ?" N
-ry结尾的名词没有复数 是集合名词： machinery   pottery  jewelry$ B0 O9 ?; O* Y0 f
turbulence 骚乱
- I6 D8 c. y/ N0 n5 }misrule管理混乱) d$ }7 s0 N3 R. ]3 Z
approaching/ imminent 迫近3 p; N7 b2 ~- k& L9 K" s
immolate v. 杀2 ]2 ?: y/ P9 t/ c3 ~  k5 @

, z& T  h3 l" `* \4 f& `- |$ T8 Q" E: Q9 o( w  K9 b0 w, Y

0 _7 @" u. v* v" W2 \Lesson 27
$ k/ e6 X+ @, K9 a0 U. V, s" z; E
8 x& R& O2 g5 N' {+ f% P# kWhy does the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world? Surely
3 Q9 }  E. H  l4 X, h& G' C( {* b5 r, Qbecause 恰恰因为progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around
) @/ n6 u+ W  x' a3 g! e8 \2 \$ Rus and is becoming more and more manifest. Although mankind has undergone
1 P1 Y& Y7 \* w% }% f) o2 jno general improvement in intelligence or morality, it has made extraordinary 5 p9 P- \+ o& i: u
progress the accumulation of knowledge. Knowledge began to increase as soon
9 u- k) ^# G: x6 Mas the thoughts of one individual could be communicated to another by means
6 @2 I8 E% M# v! T' |5 Gof speech. With the invention of writing, a great advance was made, for * {9 z( r, L$ a4 A6 g- s, m  I0 d
knowledge could then be not only communicated but also stored. Libraries & L5 ~5 X, U: W  m2 }
made education possible, and education in its turn反过来 added to增加 libraries: " J$ J; z, S  c2 l, ?6 Z/ u
the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law, which
$ O! X+ h# t. @" m* \was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing. All this was comparatively / y7 f/ m" i* ]# Q5 t
slow until, with the coming science, the tempo was suddenly raised. Then 0 h, |0 F% _; a: s/ V& i  Q/ w
knowledge began to be accumulated according to a systematic plan系统化.
) I9 F3 M1 L# E0 f. I1 gThe trickle became a stream; the stream has now become a torrent. 洪流Moreover,
9 J" a6 Q7 {* D as soon as new knowledge is acquired, it is now turned to practical account.

What is called 'modern civilization' is not the result of a balanced development
$ f8 c1 L1 _! S1 b* e2 Tof all man's nature, but of accumulated knowledge applied to practical life. $ [, n0 ]- Y  t* j- i
The problem now facing humanity is: 人类所面临的问题是What is going to be
$ _  V# D  _6 K0 a) Ndone with all this knowledge? As(代词指knowledge) is so often pointed out,
0 [2 w+ S& F& y) Q- D- x0 x9 Bknowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil.
. q% a4 E1 R/ OIt is now being used indifferently(=indiscriminatingly) for both. Could ! C. d- s0 R, m8 C* L% `& H* G* [! r
any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical更加荒诞无奇 than that . }, N; x7 E; L% t$ K$ `
of gunners using science to shatter men's bodies while, close at hand,附近# R; N' ]+ x/ V% p0 R/ y& u* M; d
surgeons use it to restore them? We have to ask ourselves very seriously
' f2 Y7 z- a$ \, e; \! swhat will happen if this twofold双重的 use of knowledge, with its ever-increasing
. s( N3 b& x- u. {power, continues.* G+ S7 \. k) H9 \

' v5 U& b1 g$ `1 Q4 \His humor added to the party. 使晚会增色
* G0 x$ M2 x% b9 g0 P4 {$ J" wHarmony among peoples makes peace possible, and world peace in its turn
) ?+ e  S; M6 f7 ]8 Uenhances harmony.' N1 G8 {; j- h( U
motionless, speechless; P5 ^( E. R( ~  }
impetus 推动力+ F& K+ E) f. i" O) e1 b9 K
loom  vi.  阴森地逼近(贬义)6 C  g/ Y2 `, |* e
you were on the way, he loomed out of mist.
5 c, ]& x; E9 hThe shadow of impending war looms ahead.
8 @: Y) o+ ]1 y& n9 Z* h5 o& A- CIt was approaching the vacation, the exams were loomed up.+ S$ P# O, y& ?1 G* Y4 M+ x7 e
A high mountain looms ahead.横在面前
' I2 r* g3 c( p* u$ m. W6 Lmanifest   = visible 明显的
) u7 @2 L6 W! M2 y$ E* ?7 u" o2 ~$ H: p' O  m
mankind
; ?6 r- k" c' m5 e: M* t/ smorality  moral code/standard.道德准则 to enhance people's consciousness . L# z: z1 |; |4 i
of morality.
! S% U+ }* b% b" f: zcommunicate  enhance --among nations
+ T. Q% ~3 x) e8 [% ?1 ?9 j, g( YLanguage is a tool for communication/ is a communicative tool./communicative - R$ S7 k6 u* M5 L
means.2 z/ B  U  X6 M3 K( Q
enhance  friendship 增进友谊 enhance cohesion 凝聚力enhance consciousness/awareness 意识   
" v4 l/ _/ D8 G4 vboost 促进， reinforce.: e& r' s; |- J7 a% Z
evil thought/even sign/vice president: 坏总统/副
% O9 v4 c# ^- A* l* [3 i1 ?fold 翻倍 fivefold , time---used in formal language" n3 S+ j" U+ e3 Q' X1 [' q

* O3 d, A& s$ t8 L2 C4 z! C& ^
4 ?$ j( i8 j6 H& K4 D4 wLesson 28
/ n# Q. i3 Z' k  F3 }3 I  }8 p* Z6 l+ L+ g! o, \3 P
No two sorts of birds practise(=fly, 从事，practise  law) quite the same
7 K8 b2 J/ D- T( R" xsort of flight; the varieties are infinite, but two classes may be roughly
  a" U: |9 G8 Nseen. Any ship that crosses the pacific is* y" ~! T9 j: m! |  h3 h
accompanied for many days by the smaller albatross, which may keep company * n+ z9 p" t7 g( M9 W. E
with the vessel for an hour without visible or more than occasional movement

of wing. The currents of air that the walls of the ship direct upwards, 6 m4 m+ O& Q! Q, r
as well as in the line 沿着某条线走of its course 航程are enough to give * ?' }% Z" b4 O8 I+ t7 q
the great bird with its immense wings sufficient sustenance支撑力 and progress.; q4 b+ {4 j0 i' f) l) E7 f
The albatross is the king of the gliders, the class of fliers which harness
8 S+ s. F! b' z# mthe air to their purpose, but must yield to its opposition逆风. In the contrary
' n* S( F0 y9 c% Kschool the duck is supreme. It comes nearer to the engines with which man
' Y+ s/ _3 y1 H' ~5 u$ P7 t9 d& ]) uhas 'conquered' the air, as he boasts. Ducks, and like them the pigeons, & i2 k* F% Q8 _$ W% o9 V
are endowed with steel-like muscles钢铁般的肌肉, that are a good part of
$ M5 T; o7 N; {: Ythe weight of the bird, and these will ply提供 the short wings with irresistible ' u- c, Q0 {& o6 R# d
power that they can bore飞越 for long distances through an opposite gale逆, J( _8 s$ w3 M- ^
风 before exhaustion follows直到最后筋疲力尽. Their humbler followers, such % {0 x1 [' X1 k5 G7 W4 \) N
as partridges,鹧鸪 have a like(prep. v. adj.) power of strong propulsion(propel ! x+ z; c  c& {% ]7 z/ ^% `# [
的名词), but soon tire. You may pick them up in utter exhaustion, if wind
+ x% f" n, d, f! E0 v1 \* }over the sea has driven them to a long journey. The swallow shares the virtues
8 F: Y* a2 _+ H  a" r) ]" nof both schools in highest measure(to the highest degree). It tires not
* R% }" n" E0 ]nor does it boast of its power; but belongs to the air, traveling (it may
# K% E6 [( V, jbe six thousand miles) to and from its northern nesting home, feeding its , H; Z( I; e  t1 Q- |8 `
flown young as it flies and slipping(三个词并列) through a medium(layer of + i+ t8 H1 x( Z* z
air) that seems to help its passage通过(the passage of time) even when the   {2 F2 {- z6 U" |  G% q/ P6 M
wind is adverse. Such birds do us good, though we no longer take omens(prediction)& b2 i: n7 f7 V; T4 Y6 y
from their flight on this side and that, and even the most superstitious
  p$ a9 l7 W& Q! zvillagers no longer take off their hats to the magpie 喜鹊and wish it good-morning.! C9 Z9 @8 l/ v/ {
1 }0 S- h  v" m3 g/ S
we have to undertake a hard journey in seeking truth.
% t+ W( C8 z) z/ f7 p. D* Uyield to/submit to/give in to/surrender to2 {) Y5 D( B3 J& @( R' A5 X! M
He yields to persuasion 听劝/despair. /temptation.
8 S% z4 x! @5 t9 {school 用于海洋生物， 另有流派的意思school of thought 思想流派
- Y/ w7 s7 |6 e+ d& _9 n7 Mone hundred blossom and one hundred schools contend各抒己见.百花齐放，百
1 _8 a. ?0 B0 O家争鸣
- e+ j' `9 s0 \# R+ B+ O. ^infinite/endless/boundless/fathomless/immeasurable
8 {5 @. u/ z5 u4 p- z9 c1 uHe is endowed with gift/talent./courage浑身是胆/power/
. \6 W, `9 H+ r0 R. r9 u8 Z5 W, lI am dog tired. /I am worn-out. I am drained.
; K3 a$ j# x) d1 x# @He is humble before his boss./He eats humble pie/lick the dust. 忍辱负重
. n8 c/ E6 f1 Einferior to
! V7 @  q8 V$ Q1 Cutter: 完全的=completely/sheer. He is an utter liar. /utterance说
& O. q' W' B% H. f! X1 VI am flown .初来乍到，多多指教，fledging--羽翼未丰7 ]- S  E  A5 B8 R- C" Y5 I
adverse wind逆风/adversity makes a man. 逆境造就人 I went home with adverse
8 `4 b1 ~- O, g5 A) qwind.4 U7 Y* E# c; o% u5 ?
adversary 对手/favorable wind 顺风1 f$ e$ Z0 F! m
He directed me the way to success./ Can you direct me to......? 指向+ Y6 P0 X. X* H+ p1 {6 o5 Y
The tree can't sustain its branches. 支撑/ He has big family to sustain.
/ w; g7 J8 f2 g6 huse/make use of/utilize/harness solar energy.
6 m) \: I# K4 t5 _/ w6 ~3 @* K. PHe is a magpie.他什么都舍不得扔

He is a crow.他特罗嗦% s; \% W( l8 o2 E1 F- c5 J
wild geese 大雁 gander 雄鹅 goose 雌鹅9 Y+ H9 z  R0 ~

% l( m2 G' S+ a# x- [1 o/ NLesson 29
  g/ i0 n& p6 Q: p$ K8 x  z" _0 q- F* k
A young man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or to express the emotion : f" `+ @7 q3 Y3 f
that it rouses in him(原因状语), concludes that it must be the gateway to
) L0 @8 J8 k" A  Oa world that lies beyond通往天国之路. It is difficult for any of us in
; |: w6 ?2 h' o1 Q! tmoments of intense aesthetic experience插入语=(when we have the moments + c5 ^0 D7 g! F6 }: b+ v$ {8 [
of intense aesthetic experience) to resist the suggestion that we are catching $ v8 N+ U) Q$ O' V9 {
a glimpse of a light that shines down to us from a different realm of existence,3 T4 {1 l- L: D( W' n7 a
different and, because the experience is intensely moving如此地快速，如
  _5 k8 [3 Y; w此地让人感动), in some way higher. And, though the gleams blind and dazzle, / b% N+ h$ ?# {, }/ P8 |
yet do they convey a hint of beauty and serenity晴朗,风和日丽 greater than we have known or imagined. Greater too than we can describe,(是无谓句exclamation) for
- T* g( x# U+ H) Ulanguage, which was invented to convey the meanings of this world, cannot
3 Q# B4 J2 c. W! o+ s6 treadily be fitted to the uses of another.
7 Z8 N: h+ F, O; |# J* A$ O8 D& w! n- s4 }& Y* t
That all great art has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable.$ ~) `- B6 Q' H
In some moods Nature shares it. There is no sky in June so blue that it
) K! s. S0 a& O0 B3 B' wdoes not point forward to a bluer, no sunset so beautiful that it does not 1 q$ {3 l% V+ ]3 |7 W
waken the vision幻觉 of a greater beauty, a vision which passes before it ' J/ `) c9 L4 i: G6 ]! S8 `* \" G
is fully glimpsed, and in passing 在流逝道德过程中leaves an indefinable
( o5 d2 E: z! Y8 R6 }4 Xlonging and regret留下一种难以名状的渴望和遗憾. (There is no man in the
, A. t$ U' r' }; a3 x6 l  lworld so nice that he does not deserve any praise世界上总有一些这么好的人
- G- F( \, j& K5 F5 F' y值得我们的称赞)But, if this world is not merely a bad joke一个拙劣的玩笑
2 k+ N# ~: P7 Y0 A6 l; v, life(is not 省略) a vulgar flare(short in passing) amid the cool
5 r4 Q" i8 m; dradiance of the stars, 如果人生不是在冷冷的星光中平庸的一闪)and existence
/ E8 z$ s" X' L) J5 q$ @an empty laugh braying/donkey across the mysteries; if these intimations * `, \6 |, L1 N$ {9 q$ ~/ S3 J
of a something(指前边所联想的，sunset, blue skies) behind( inside my heart)and ) \3 U, u: L% K/ T8 J
beyond are not evil humor born of indigestion(come from misunderstanding),
3 m2 C7 y/ r, r2 G6 Zor whimsies sent by the devil to mock嘻笑，嘲笑 and madden us, if, in a 7 t2 \1 r' X  v* ]* Y
word, beauty means something, yet we must not seek to(try to ) interpret
$ }) W7 l9 W* Othe meaning. If we glimpse the unutterable, it is unwise to try to utter
1 ?. r. L# a: Z  Nit, nor should we seek to invest with significance that which we cannot 2 K6 C3 l0 S3 ~# B' G! u3 s
grasp. Beauty in terms of our human meanings is meaningless.5 U3 F3 {1 k0 s  q
6 E* a! Q, r" V$ b) K
rouse/arouse/inflame/stir emotion/excitement/anger/love
; ~2 `+ p  H4 V5 V6 ~This film is really rousing 激动人心$ Q+ B5 P' l" H5 f- j/ `( K; S/ k5 Z' Q
intense love/passion /hatred. K" W; W! [" D9 ]
intense heat/coldness  酷暑严寒  intensive light/rays 强光5 R( x: X9 s- p4 d5 L9 p3 @
intensive reading/extensive reading
2 l% f1 M. b# mintensive farming 精耕细作/intensified training 强化训练, U' n& D& |2 P" s* ~  h# r
violent/ferment/fierce/vehement

aesthetics /logic---logics 加s 表示一种学科
( T6 e  e# S  v# hThe fireworks dazzle me.
! x  p7 g/ w/ l. ]' _7 `dazzling achievement 令人瞩目的成就
+ o- H8 p, \: oconvey/transfer/transplant/transmit/pass over  info./meaning /knowledge- y+ v/ x! `+ R! j/ w
serene--(poetic language)/quiet/peaceful/tranquil/   serene lake/face 静: Q2 r% a' ^3 d
谧的湖，安详的脸
9 [# ]- {7 z. s1 Q/ ~; J0 C( Y1 IThe problem is readily/smoothly/painless solved. 迎刃而解 6 H1 u. @# P. D/ i0 \
deny oneself in sth. ---I deny myself in drinking.! u2 |7 B1 L  j2 ?8 K
His kindness/.hospitality is indefinable./indescribable/inexpressible./beyond
$ ~5 ~, l3 O% o0 J/ q, {words.
% n/ O! g$ [! J* a( r, D8 F8 Olong for a villa/ long to have a villa/         yearn/thirsty/hunger----my
5 t/ Z! S) y0 j( jhunger for books.4 X) u6 O8 N3 t$ Q" y
vulgar place 平庸之地，我们住的地方(和上帝比较); T6 ]& J0 q$ w7 {& c" ?1 O
vulgar/nasty/earthly language.  He is mundane
* K7 ^4 N" K7 k4 hcelestial/heavenly/godly
7 @3 [6 d9 A/ l/ w4 _* Mradiant smile 灿烂的笑容  wear a radiant face/wear lipstick/wear long hair 9 `' @4 o5 P( C4 R# D
intimate/hint/suggestion/implication  暗示
5 T- t. ^) A' ]% b. A3 p7 p) Zin a word/in short/in brief/in a nutshell2 }; H- B5 ~% L. ^- M1 O% w
I am an interpreter (oral)  translator (written); z) k1 e6 S3 _
interpret a role/play a role$ f/ l+ H5 n& n& x3 G4 Z
He invested in China    Invest sb. with courage 赋予The novel is invested
1 |+ h/ Q/ c1 s0 ~4 i3 vwith mystery.
# M* B- x' E3 Z& X# j) ebeyond my grasp不可理解within my grasp  可以理解
5 U: w" |; e; y' w/ Kgrasp all and lose all.  He is very grasping.+ r; z4 x: r  `# b

  V' S3 ^" Q8 O) E' w: ]- ?4 |8 U0 y+ f8 c& O! Y
Lesson 30
- [( F1 G; k. g& |
! E/ z0 t/ N) c+ z/ n  }# M, _  F- e% GEach civilization is born, it culminates, and it decays. There is a widespread 7 [7 l9 {- i% f2 n, n6 \
testimony that this ominous不吉祥 fact is due to(+反面原因) inherent biological 3 Y# }! ?9 R9 F, w: ?: Z+ m& }
defects in the crowded life of cities. Now, slowly and at first faintly,
. ?4 p& c, I5 {4 Tan opposite tendency is showing itself.(As time goes on, the advantage of ! A. r& b! l( S7 F5 l8 H9 t
my sound English is showing itself) Better roads and better vehicles at first 1 B0 ]0 P7 V' J9 s1 P% q
induced(=attracted) the wealthier classes to live on the outskirts of the
- [; k# p1 X4 s/ D! qcities. The urgent need for defence had also vanished. This tendency is 1 i/ \( d) x( c- S& }8 K
now spreading rapidly downwards. But a new set of conditions is just showing
7 V  e" l4 i9 C& X- Q6 [6 @itself. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth
2 p2 N% a) ~- ^* p0 ]2 o5 n& @centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, (immediate
5 A. u; S+ |4 ~4 d% Sgoal 近期目标， immediate boss 直接/顶头上司)but concentrated(集中) manufacturing ; l' A7 b" v" }( e0 w1 g
activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centres of
; S+ ]- T3 z; A; u  O/ c1 r8 Bthe cities. Apart from the care of children and periods of sheer rest, the ; b4 j' ~' U1 j5 z/ O. Z( ~% C
active lives were spent in the cities. In some ways the concentration of % K2 k; f/ [2 y: x; c
such activities was even more emphasized, and the homes were pushed outwards . N0 i7 B0 P/ @+ b
even at the cost of the discomfort of commuting. But, if we examine the trend 2 ?- a6 O6 X' @' Z; @* f
of technology during the past generation, the reasons for this concentration 9 @9 e' n& n4 s; _  Z; l% |- n
are largely disappearing. Still more, the reasons for the choice

of sites
% f. u1 o1 x# f2 T" u, r& {0 j% P* Hfor cities are also altering. Mechanical power can be transmitted for hundreds $ o# ?8 O# R9 Z) b
of miles, men can communicate almost instantaneously by telephone, the chiefs
9 t6 u) {8 k3 }* A: n4 U* yof great organizations can be transported by airplanes, the cinemas can
& G; p  ~5 L( W0 s) b; [7 E' qproduce plays in every village, music, speeches, and sermons can be broadcast.* v4 h/ ]9 |# F& z" Y( P
Almost every reason for the growth of the cities, concurrently with the % p8 V" C9 T" U" t7 G( Y( C) t
growth of civilization has been profoundly modified- e& C/ ?& C% J" c
If you roll off my log, I will roll off yours. 你捧我，我也捧你
7 @2 D1 P( N7 }3 e1 V. X! {. K2 ftake heart 鼓起精神 beef up 振作起来a set of + sth.
- f: G& i, A" A7 v. L3 zat the cost/price of 3 V6 }0 G" f6 _3 s1 v$ m* m% d
culmination----多用于 抽象=/summit/peak/top6 {0 G! M: j1 v1 ~0 y
His efforts culminate in failure.付诸东流
. G, R- g( `0 ]moral degeneration/decay 堕落  mend one's morals 改过自新
, V: |" a( f! U. X% F1 h; THe reaches /attains the culmination in his thirties.* v5 i! g- C9 }" G
vi. -- His effforts culminate in his success=lead to 导致
; {: b+ u# j$ U5 }# V: k" aHis efforts culminate in the prosperity of his family." t/ d0 J- `4 R8 J" O+ W
my health decays. Tooth decays /咬不动2 ]* V5 T+ u' }' A% X. `. j2 L! N
Bear/produce the testimony to his innocence.我证明他无罪+ W' w7 _1 W0 T- F
the sloth that inherent in him  天生的懒惰=inbred 天生的，inbuilt 嵌入，4 ]7 B5 ~& U- O2 d# f3 v; ^
ingrain /deep-rooted/ u& y- E% k  B" s( f
I have the tendency to shop.5 j. _) B9 O+ }* Z( q  C
inclination (自己)的倾向
8 h- ~8 p( r- `: Y2 C8 w3 Dtrend/current 潮流9 ~3 M# B& X$ f/ T" W* N
a set of rules/equipment/short stories 短篇小说集
' W: ?9 j$ O4 ]sheer liar  大骗子sheer brandy 纯白兰地sheer rubbish 4 M1 }6 |+ e  T2 t
Many teachers in the schools want to get promoted, get academic title, passed / m; }) z; [; `) ]$ {# D" S- L. u
associate professor, money raised, house bigger.
# p5 G7 w% u5 dplace/lay /put emphasis on ..........=underline/spotlight
1 d2 |. L4 B* }. q! T4 M5 Ccommuter time 上下班时间=rush hour  It's commuter time, I have to go.下班" F  N' K; I% [0 w+ R* Y! y% t, b
了，我要走了$ u' }2 B/ w8 a
Thers is a New York of commuters devoured by locusts蝗虫 in the day and
4 _4 X3 q" c& r; t- }spit out at night.
0 h* K& C( R( R2 ]! J) p4 }I will come in no time./instantaneously.: c* `# t: H! \: U; R+ e
preach a sermon by a priest.& F) W0 \+ \5 `
profound theory /深奥    pround sleep" v5 F7 B- F6 S9 g. t
7 D' z% y2 t9 Q

, D. F$ f4 s( Y! C7 {& O2 k
* H8 v0 v  \( }  D9 y# m
1 j1 J: I  \" D" j. J2 v! N/ u6 ~1 T
Lesson 31
" a6 @5 f6 L  B. g0 f
. n/ D+ g0 ?! X5 A# ~: oMany people in industry and the Services(in America, it means army), who
! E/ _$ P6 V( B- bhave practical experience of noise, regard any investigation of this question

as a waste of time; they are not prepared=will  even to admit the possibility
/ Q& e; i+ B7 `9 x1 cthat noise affects people. On the other hand, those who dislike noise will ! h7 ^. p" N$ b' d# w7 D0 ?- U
sometimes use most(前没 有定冠词，指very) inadequate evidence to support 4 g8 K2 c) x3 h
their pleas for a quieter society. This is a pity, because noise abatement
  j. \2 c# o0 g0 k: ^$ y: Creally is a good cause.(good thing) and=but it is likely to be discredited ' C! _9 }2 H8 ~4 d- {" C
if it gets to be associated with bad science. One allegation often made
& ~5 L3 F: ?+ N* sis that noise produces mental illness. A recent article in a weekly newspaper,) \) n# M$ u; S# J
for instance, was headed with(头版头条carry the news on the front page)
; o% Z* ?# `% U- L: Ja striking illustration of a lady in a state of considerable distress, with
3 r$ b& t9 B. B9 `4 {! kthe caption 'She was yet another victim, reduced(made) to a screaming wreck
; j: }( h7 L9 Y'. On(as soon as ) turning eagerly to(转向) the text, one learns that the
! q4 {& {: E* i) E0 {) O' {+ }, e; @lady was a typist who found the sound of office typewriters worried her
$ J. s3 }% ]7 m$ A$ tmore and more until eventually she had to go into a mental hospital. Now
- c4 Y  b$ L. N3 g* ~9 v8 nthe snag in this sort of anecdote(mostly unreal) is of course that one cannot % r* h6 m- `% `( Q
distinguish cause and effect. Was the noise a cause of the illness, or were
& K9 h. @( v/ O- s  a4 [: k2 ethe complaints about noise merely a symptom? Another patient might equally : H" z$ b7 K* ?* c9 q. F( _
well或许可以(=have reason to do sth.)  complain that her neighbours were ! l0 N3 T& L0 t+ G% M+ M: s
combining to联手 slander her and persecute her, and yet one might be cautious
5 d  J$ k7 B: ~about believing this statement. What is needed in the case of noise is a
+ g) q5 N* v" Y, ^; w3 M" p2 Astudy of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions, to discover $ B5 h5 W- b* F
whether they are mentally ill more often than other people are. The United
3 @' n# ^" z( N. JStates Navy, for instance, recently examined a very large number of men * c# A3 |. t. s" k) y: ]2 h
working on aircraft carriers: the study was known as Project Anehin. It can / f7 F, J1 g, d, O: c) F3 [+ l
be unpleasant to live even several miles from an aerodrome(airport); if $ V; _! K5 p1 @+ [
you think what it must be like to share the deck of a ship with several & T: |- E+ U: {; z3 K( W
squadrons of jet aircraft, you will realize that a modern navy is a good - z5 B' j. c# J# C* N9 l
place to study noise. But neither psychiatric interviews(精神病的采访) nor 3 A% Z1 Z/ U! j1 b
objective  tests(问卷调查，客观题) were able to show any effects upon these & E* y8 W$ }& G& {' X
American sailors. This result merely confirms earlier American and British
2 {' q- }  d) W, o4 kstudies: if there is any effect of noise upon mental health it must be so
* o7 O" H5 g5 H$ ]# P  gsmall that present methods of psychiatric diagnosis cannot find it. That
0 S1 ~* h8 v% [& ]( r* Fdoes not prove that it does not exist; but it does mean that noise is less , c2 N6 \# l  z) A
dangerous than, say, (=for example)being brought up in an orphanages--which
/ G; [6 O% E. Q4 ^/ xreally is a mental health hazard.=danger; M' P1 d( |% a( t! v1 C5 a/ h
sophistry  诡辩术   baffling 莫名其妙 critical eye/eagle eye 辨析力! \6 G6 |( u- x5 M! t1 O
She may/might well be  proud of her son . 她完全有理由为她儿子骄傲
+ X3 W3 h" E4 ^% WYou may well refuse him.   grasping 贪婪的( Z3 ^: [; g, C, ?
the tears streaming down泪流满面
  \% R9 Q# K' `5 i& r4 Qshoot out 夺眶而出/  reduce to tears/laughter 被弄哭/笑
& k+ L1 E8 c: u! R4 Z* Y/ P4 xreduce to a skeleton 弄得。。。3 ]# Y: p/ X0 v7 `+ u1 H8 x, {
project hope 希望工程4 b0 I" g; h9 R) h7 n+ k+ _/ a: y
make plea for aid/money 要求资助
. t/ p' a8 @( h2 e7 N on the plea of sth 以。。。为借口I am absent on the plea of stomachache. ) ?; x$ R4 C$ u0 R  E
plea for sth

abate----vi. 减弱危害和力量harm, danger. The danger of the poisonous gas ( b9 @: r  V, Q4 y  [6 T- g# }) O
abated.  
3 }6 J) l! {* {' vThe wind debated.
) S& [6 F/ H$ X4 P: C* Ndecrease /reduce----用于数量减少
& q/ [' p. d) o6 z8 x( T  xwane vi. 月缺' A/ P* j- J' L. W4 u, x
diminish----减少数量和power  The illness diminishes my strength/energy. 9 h8 S$ d" ^/ q& U6 |2 Q
discredit--不相信，你说的话要大折扣: ]( ~0 E  w+ x( ~9 n* Y& c
assertion-有证据                      claim/allegation---something no proof= 2 f; B  r5 C. N0 q; R% `& b
hypothesis4 p3 ~( B$ c9 `( f
It is alleged that .......= It is reported that....It is said that ....... 1 s4 O5 u% A5 p
matches--hatches-dispatches# O$ W0 R& k& ?. f
sreack 老鼠尖叫  squeal  长声尖叫
$ }4 P6 K& x0 s% z; ~hit a snag 突然遇到困难 run into snags   碰钉子hurdle race 跨栏赛跑stumbling
' d1 l/ U8 r7 lblock 绊脚石 a lion in the way 拦路虎' `6 y* R9 C6 H9 Q0 m: u
curiosity n. 珍闻(动物)   anecdote 轶闻(人)" {$ f1 i5 y3 Z$ J4 `7 U
slander sb. 诽谤某人 pour a slander on sb.     slanderer (程度最)诽谤者
* z# `/ s3 w9 K2 Ugossipmonger(次之)/rumor spreader   His words are so slanderous. slur---- 8 ^- M+ e( U5 j1 ?2 z$ I: B
搞模糊  defame/backbite 背后中伤He backbites me.% w8 F3 h2 u% m& Y9 f4 C
eleven squard 11个人---足球队 women detached group 女子别动队
1 c* x0 z6 m2 b* k  hplatoon 排 company   连 battalion 营 regiment 团  brigade 旅  division 师
  M4 _1 E- i  c   corps 军) `% z" ~: M% P; z- O( v
battalion commander 营长
4 \/ ~; d% H4 h2 I3 ~  K! X6 a4 Ia regiment of geese 一群鹅3 D8 {+ G$ Q* ^
a survey of American literature =brief introduction美国文学概况$ F& d) L# s* u

+ {) w$ @0 D: g7 b9 l" p6 w, bLesson 32& g2 M1 V9 d4 [7 p9 s3 N$ ?

$ h4 A& R" _$ M/ n+ N0 CIt is animals and plants which强调句 lived in or near water whose remains - N# ~. `+ R) I3 p2 r! M
are most likely to be preserved, for one of the necessary conditions of
' Q5 o( w' A9 X7 A6 ^  Kpreservation is quick burial, and it is only in the seas and rivers, and 7 e+ G2 V8 |( N+ W8 O( q
sometimes lakes, where mud and silt have been continuously deposited, that 8 p+ }% J- t* N2 I4 g
bodies and the like(如指人，多用于贬义) can be rapidly covered over全部覆
2 S6 x# t& ]$ i4 a/ i3 Q盖上 and preserved.
0 {& [" v1 [# ~$ |7 N1 CBut even in the most favourable circumstances only a small fraction of the % a! P5 @) l/ c8 r7 [* f0 _! g( `
creatures that die(可能还有将来死的) are preserved in this way before decay
* }7 o8 L% O. V7 Isets in开始 or, even more likely, before scavengers eat them. After all, 4 \5 [$ A' _. M/ r& H, e/ w
all living creatures live by通过 feeding on/live on靠••为生 ， 吃什么something / k% l& K% \- i1 i6 S6 q0 U
else, whether it be plant or animal, (ecological chain=the law of the jungle=survival
- z" O' _9 k( W  C( Qof the fittest)dead or alive, and it is only by chance偶然幸免(chance meeting
3 l, @" w4 P1 X6 _邂逅 chance company 萍水相逢)that such a fate is avoided. The remains of
7 U5 _! y$ f; g5 {- }& v) Splants and animals that lived on land are much more rarely preserved, for   u  }" t- s! _' Q. m
there is seldom anything to cover them over. When you think of the innumerable
% _0 p' i# Z: W, Z! M2 bbirds that one sees flying about,四处飞翔 not to mention(/not to speak of

) the equally numerous small animals like field mice and voles which you
# g. C; Q6 m6 Y' U1 Q8 Ddo not see, it is very rarely(+副词rarely 是因为强调后面that 状语) that one , k$ m  y' Q% x" [$ F1 V
comes across(run into) a dead body, except,
/ V6 Q: z; y7 H( T' Oof course, on the roads. They decompose and are quickly destroyed by the ; |9 A3 {3 P% f" [; D0 ]. d: e
weather or eaten by some other creature.6 Q* k5 K% V7 D: C3 e- j# U, [- a
It is almost always due to some very special circumstances that traces=remains
8 m9 }! V2 M& ?# X) Z4 n+ P2 bof land animals survive, as by falling into inaccessible caves, or into
: S8 W) G" ~4 ]& j& Ean ice crevasse窟窿, like the Siberian mammoths, when the whole animal is
, t- X: d8 s. e  t! G$ K; G& w8 d' O& xsometimes preserved, as in a refrigerator. This is what happened to the : k2 I& Y8 J; Z' v7 m' B) |( V
famous Beresovka mammoth which was found preserved and in good condition. 9 I  e3 X' v! H$ r2 \
In his mouth were the remains of fir trees--the last meal that he had before
0 n- c. |: T# K; g# k8 She fell into the crevasse and broke his back. The mammoth has now been restored % N; G- v" _$ i! F% ?
in the Palaeontological Museum in Leningrad. Other animals were trapped
1 O% c+ E/ n' q" fin tar pits, like the elephants, sabre-toothed cats, and numerous other 0 q1 A4 q" R7 _3 t" s2 f; d8 P
creatures that are found at Rancho la Brea, which is now just a suburb of 7 k: B; B- T- d& r& ^
Los Angeles. Apparently what happened was that water collected汇集=assembled 3 c0 m& Z! \6 M* O5 `% P
on these tar pits, and the bigger animals like the elephants ven-tured out
4 M1 Q4 I9 q* M% e- ]# P% Aon to the apparently firm surface to drink, and were promptly bogged in
: L, C7 g) E. h3 T7 }) z* O6 Rthe tar. And then, when they were dead, the carnivores, like the sabre-toothed 9 Y0 I* |. I4 `9 B
cats and the giant wolves, came out to feed and suffered exactly the same ! R) y# C: {1 _2 h
fate. There are also endless numbers of birds in the tar as well.& L# ^; `  O9 t' T" ]* {
quail 鹌鹑 hummer bird 蜂鸟 cuckoo 杜鹃鸟* }. b, x6 Z3 h5 \$ U* n; r" c5 k
remains-both human and animals, mostly human
. {) d0 O9 J; _! V5 T, R3 f; wbody- both
/ D) N( ]# @5 S2 I7 Rto pay the last respects to his remains  向遗体告别! |4 F0 y+ p3 X) P; a
a slip of tongue 说错话
3 J. d- [, z6 F' K! R) YShe is well-preserved.  保养的好 poorly-preserved.
* D7 [3 i8 F$ G) T4 ?: Eset in  vi.   Winter has set in early this year. 来得真早 Fatigue sets in
# ]" N& D% s. l1 e- y; ]when one grows old.% r9 z- [. m- d; c+ c
metaphorically ----比喻使用 obscene writer 庸俗的作家
! H3 `, a  o+ X4 z& b  scarnivorous 食肉的
% g+ i' @) h5 c& ?4 Inumerous---many many, 数量多
" \3 g' X3 V; p7 {* \. T3 d2 rnumeric-----关于数字的
4 o( f; P2 _. `7 u5 [; qnumber----注册，编号
& U+ |% P4 L2 S8 K6 ^# Unumbered------时日不多& ], i9 _( o* o9 Z$ n
to play cat and mouse with sb. 欲擒故纵( O$ Y; g" H" y+ `+ j) C& b% e5 r
She is a mouse. 胆小  He is a chicken. (man)+ a! w0 a# l) I1 b2 V& \
feline ---猫科的   They live a cat and dog life.---fight
( H) P+ }8 P. H4 II cat a nap only 15 mins.1 i! B$ \2 M* K3 H7 `+ w/ ~
cat's paw ----牺牲品
* ]9 r: u+ ?5 d" |Students should have access to  a wide range of readings.
  l' m! s( H$ L1 OThe goal is inaccessible/ unattainable/unapproachable.
" ?. t# R# L1 }2 d' Q3 vcold currents 寒流  Mammoth parade 盛大游行0 U( q, z  V5 s# W$ t
A fall in the pit, a gain in the wit. 吃一堑，长一智

pitfall 意外的挫折和困难
5 @  }$ S' i7 g2 z3 M9 f$ W" ipit boss  赌场老板, |; ?6 b7 o% ?! y* ]! E
I venture to buy some stocks( vi.)  joint venture 合资企业/ m& m0 }4 r  z1 [# ]( F* y
Nothing ventured, nothing gained.
- @& E, x2 ^8 f6 x, t' gI'm bogged/troubled/plunged/sunk.
5 S! f/ p- n7 W/ t2 `5 @
" X) g: Y3 T2 c" t- D* hLesson 34  J" S0 F1 N' M8 s1 k' H3 U
9 M9 V0 P- K- H$ S) a
This is a skeptical age, but(1+3) although(2+3)(2个连词并列，至少出现3个* M5 }- {  w4 h4 @7 `# p! u( p! v
动词) our faith in many of the things in which our forefathers fervently
. H# [* Z+ m! ?/ a( |( m' Q, tbelieved has weakened, our confidence in the curative properties=effects ! ?/ x; L* y. z* w: J
治疗特点of the bottle of medicine remains the same as theirs(指代confidence).
) W0 I' V: U8 }1 X- u; V* K This modern faith in medicines(all kinds of medicine) is proved by the fact : ]$ j+ `' m( l! R1 X
that the annual drug bill of the Health Services卫生部 is mounting to astronomical
( b0 J# P  w5 e$ ~, pfigures天文数字 and shows no signs (at present插入语) of ceasing to rise(=stopping
# _0 D6 A& [) J' ?rising, cease +to do or doing is the same ). The majority of the patients
- ?7 i9 ]' M: X$ C% U/ t1 p$ _attending就诊(I am attending the hospital 看病) the medical out-patients / Z& k7 U5 \( ^
departments门诊 of our hospitals feel that they have not received adequate
. Z$ b" q; ]/ c6 s  ktreatment unless they are able to carry home with them some tangible remedy % y' `7 O7 v, d# H
in the shape of (=in the form of )a bottle of medicine, a box of pills, or
9 c/ v  @0 e6 s* |4 I& H/ w6 Da small jar of ointment, and the doctor in charge of the department主任医
6 Z7 ~# j& n/ q0 S) o5 b生 is only too(有ONLY就不是too 的否定结构) ready to provide them with these 9 `& q+ b4 w( C2 {) x4 f7 I
requirements. There is no quicker(no+比较级= 最高级) method of disposing
$ ]2 Q* R( x' n, D* cof patients 打发病人than by giving them what they are asking for, and since ) A1 d7 `2 s. K6 G4 x2 M' g- E5 [: |) |0 [
most medical men医护人员 in the Health Services are overworked and have little
9 V. @3 W* n6 S4 v- k1 L" utime for offering time-consuming (费力energy-comuming,money-consuming 浪费' W% ]9 J% ~8 a9 l- @
钱)and little-appreciated advice on such subjects内容 as diet,(=body-building健1 X& q2 e' {) g$ {, j
身) right living,(=regular life) and the need for abandoning(=kick off/quit)   X# f5 Q' D" f$ y& L6 O5 K. [
bad habits, etc., the bottle, the box, and the jar are almost always granted % R7 Z, d! v1 X, c
them. Nor引出例证 is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has 7 Y: x3 j: ^0 N1 T  h
such faith in the bottle of medicine, especially if it be(省略了should,
3 X( V% ?9 D0 d0 W虚拟) wrapped in white paper and sealed with a dab of red sealing-wax by
) `+ ~9 K5 R# Y, C" y+ ia clever chemist药剂师. It is recounted of Thomas Carlyle苏格兰历史学家，0 m2 v( M5 y8 H
散文家( 要加人要用of) that when he heard of听说，(了解到read of /know of/learn
' l4 D! R8 p" q6 M3 Eof) the illness of his friend, Henry Taylor, he went off immediately to
, y& @# L" i) }/ Q' w7 F, `visit him, carrying with him in his pocket what remained of a bottle of
. T/ \2 M9 A, m' Rmedicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs Carlyle's. (....of
# A! S9 q1 w2 d- Xsb's 这种结构强调唯一性)Carlyle was entirely ignorant of what the bottle
! X& @; b$ |* W" W7 ~* r+ ~5 U' N  }in his pocket contained, of the nature of the illness from which his friend # l1 W; w! n9 a) F
was suffering,(得病) and of what had previously been wrong with his wife, % Y- q" E' s6 j# s4 g% `
but a medicine that had worked so well in one form of illness would surely
. g' W8 U' s: \2 J& fbe of equal benefit (be of 具有=be benefical)in another, and comforted by * u1 V8 \' E' i8 t0 Y8 S4 A7 f: W
the thought of the help he was bringing to his friend, he hastened to Henry
2 g: Z- X) W4 W5 J; h5 _6 oTaylor's house. History does not relate whether his friend accepted his

medical help, but in all probability he did. The great advantage of taking
0 R5 Z% P2 N4 X3 B: F' @medicine is that it makes no demands on the taker beyond(=except) that 是
$ V" x$ B1 y/ j指(demand)of putting up for a moment with a disgusting taste, and that is
' v4 o$ r, ^  v+ |9 L; b$ fwhat all patients demand of(=demand sb to do sth) their doctors-- to be cured $ t$ ~. s2 z+ t
at no inconvenience to themselves.
& k8 z( l7 T  O( c4 V& Y7 @, m+ x9 `/ JShe was sentimentally attached to this house, for(1+3) even though(2+3)
. c' k7 B3 ?  ~8 T0 W( Iit was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there long after ) D2 l0 D5 Z! A' G0 Z( k
her husband's death.
4 ]: ^6 A( e1 h( y, A) h" R5 L& |) kskeptical ----be skeptical about    distrustful/doubtful/juberous.
4 J# p  `1 _$ D7 Lforefathers 祖先
! {+ x! B7 A  \/ \) Z6 Pinfectious 传染性的& _9 X3 I# L( `  @
fervently 热情地  He has a fervent love for books4 j: C0 U' v% M5 ^
curative----- How about the curative effect?疗效 cure of cancer,  cure sb $ F5 v8 Y* f. k& s; i! M7 W+ `9 e
,  beyond cure, cure-all 万灵药  magic bullet 魔药
; X! P! b2 c) B5 R- dastronomical- s& E5 Z# S; ^/ w
sign
1 p" I8 |  J9 a( e& ]+ Itangible
% J6 e9 _/ T5 h& l. m1 V' I/ o( Xremedy
% V, M" |1 }: H) e/ rjar2 W8 s  z7 m1 j+ l3 \
ointment  ----a fly in the ointment 美中不足
; ?) [( y2 P; M+ S- Oonly too 非常 +adj.    only too hot =too hot   4 X, V7 s& I4 B7 U8 \1 r" L
dispose  ----dispose of garbage, Man proposes, god disposes.% _* E/ R8 q7 G' _8 G- \9 e4 X
little-appreciated 不受欢迎的=little-received/welcomed,  unsought 没人理8 M* t$ N# J- y+ M. D6 h- p
睬的. }9 o3 p$ [# A9 ~0 O; j( w
grant
1 L0 s( ?% f  ^% Jignorant--- He always feints ignorance 装蒜" W9 A) \9 u+ O: e  V0 k
seal---have the seal of death on one's face 行将就木
! i( M- E. F: ysubscribe to  订阅报纸   inscription 题字write out a prescription 开处方
3 N7 O! O. e5 Y prescribe for a patient, c$ e; }4 q8 H1 L# z
dab1 h1 ?5 K6 I  Q- w: X
it is recounted 据说
& T3 B$ ?5 I! f: c  Z/ aindisposition  小病 minor illness , minor operation , I am indisposed 不# l# @" U0 U9 O# A, s
舒服2 q* ?1 ~8 Y7 C+ {5 O% ?$ \
hasten+ Q8 \4 B1 ~, b" B, t2 H' r9 h. i
relate
9 L& h2 _( r& Z( F% ^/ R* Oin all probability& U  A. s% E7 I: N. k# K
taker
; [( w0 i( ~7 A1 i& M- Iput up with---I can't put up with your ill temper    stand/bear/endure
+ b& {1 ~6 K; q1 D. D6 @# pdisgusting----eyesore 眼中钉，丑的东西
  C6 |# r! ?: G$ einconvenience----if it is convenient to you, drop in my house.+ G8 p% P0 z% E3 j# H( V6 [# D
take convenience of sb= take advantage of sb

Lesson 37  Victoria(1837-1901)18岁执政， 前期unrest, alarm 后期--growing
' L3 S/ P: ]% ?4 z6 E8 _: B5 Z: {  Oprosperity: industialism, 工业革命free trade 被称为Britain was named workshop . A4 K1 w+ {9 v3 B
of the world 世界工厂。  1842年--cession of Hongkong to U.K. ------爆发opium
8 \% S8 b5 Q3 W. R4 Twar, 当时的文学背景---critical realism批判现实主义， 当时有人made big fortune,/ A; z4 `" T0 N% v
文人开始批判， 代表作Charles Dickens 的"hard times"艰难时事--批判中产阶; O# A  Q% J2 |0 p/ E5 H/ O' V  b
级大发横财”the tale of two cities"---London & Paris 法国大革命, "Oliver 3 r9 [$ g- \6 E" G# {
Twist"-雾都孤儿， “Christopher"7 b# J/ D' ?- Y
第二个人物是萨克雷， 作品有”Vanity Fair" ,还有诗人乔治，艾里奥特， 和Charlotte , _9 j& Y2 G* y7 z! n
Bronte and Emily Bronte.7 g6 \3 h# T! G4 \: a4 H
　　The Victorians那个时代的人们, realizing that the greatest happiness
; B6 I& B+ s. t) Daccorded to man(given to man by God) is that provided by a happy marriage,
( F) B7 r; H$ {3 G3 Kendeavoured to pretend that all their marriages were happy. We, for our
1 l  q0 W6 O5 h: N, c* lpart, admitting the fact that no feat(技巧，壮举) of intelligence and character 2 k$ ~" u% c1 n+ q6 J! V
is so exacting精确无误，毫厘不差 as that required of two people who desire ) `2 p( A! q: g/ C* ?8 ]
to live permanently together on a basis of amity, are obsessed(痛苦，有包; k; f8 t, k* w. f) ~: M6 a1 X
袱) by the problem of how to render the basic facts of cohabitation同住
) {6 G  J. ?6 [! Fsimpler and more reasonable, in order that unhappy marriages may less frequently
/ a" K4 l9 h' {9 g/ O2 Eresult(产生). The Victorians would have considered(表猜测，虚拟) it 'painful'7 c- Z/ B/ `2 K: b; j
or 'unpleasant' were one to point out(=if one were to point out) that only
# \- u# \4 d7 X3 I+ g5 bfour marriages out of every ten are anything but(4对不是被迫) forced servitudes.: ?, @# p8 c) D# b: C
We ourselves start from this very assumption and try to build from it a ! Q# G8 ?  ]3 j+ m
theory of more sensible(reasonable) relations between the sexes. Of all   K  t# _! Q' i9 z6 {& ?  \' `
forms of arrant untruthfulness Victorian optimism appears to me在我看来to
3 Z5 B4 F) G7 J7 C, i! o% Zhave been the most cowardly and the most damaging.
7 W, U& }- z, }) m* i5 m3 W　　Truth, therefore, is an attitude of the mind.(a state  of mind 精神状  y. r* ?( N+ U2 ~6 F
态) It is important, if one does not wish to inconvenience and to bore one's
% d: \2 m- P2 |2 r6 h: X' H; S7 i7 |friends, not to tell lies. But it is more important not to think lies, or 5 X; B8 g. f, W% X! t5 K
to slide into those mechanical and untruthful habits of thought which are
2 A1 j8 s, Z% x. {so pleasant and so easy as descents to(作为．．的产物) mental ineptitude不
* n, j0 }! @% h" D* ]% v5 x( h动脑筋. The victorian habit of mind (which I consider to have been a bad 2 M0 @) M' A+ H/ m
habit of mind) was unduly(=improperly) preoccupied占领，满脑子都是 by what . j1 k, R( A" b# l4 o
was socially and morally convenient.(对社会建设和道德建设有利) Convenience 8 L  j" z, Z) P8 }* N' \! w
is, however, in all affairs of life在社会的各个方面), an execrable恶劣的9 x5 m' ]8 X5 Y# O/ _
test of value. One should have the courage to think uncomfortably, since 0 L' s: _, }/ V
it is only by rejecting the convenient that one can come to 逐渐think the
( [4 k- n: _3 I# B( S5 Ptruth. Not, after all, that there is any such thing as truth. 世界上没有5 P6 S- `6 C, @
说真话这件事=There is not any such thing as truth)   At best we can approach
8 Q* O4 K  e. bto(=get close to) some relative approximation. On the other hand, there
' ?* K! B7 A4 N- I& v/ a2 Xis surely such a thing as untruth. One is generally aware when one has said
, j! E6 U: t( I. asomething, or acted in some way which has left on other people an impression(% Y: V5 |7 m% G$ u( b6 w# M; ^+ F
leave an impression on sb) not strictly in accordance with the facts. One
5 z- n# X" l* }$ i! Z: gis generally aware, also. when one has thrust aside an inconvenient thought

and slid into its place another thought which is convenient. One's awareness
9 x) k6 Z# x. _. V2 {in the former case is in general more acute than in the latter, since we
, t" ?) `3 P, P7 Zare more on the look-out for the lies we utter than for those we merely think.: e% ?4 y6 x+ J( O& b- _
In fact, however, it is the untruthful thought which is the more vicious
8 L9 ?3 `% e$ c4 ]. Z! yof the two. Spoken lies are invariably(=always) tiresome and may actually ! p5 B: |0 E9 b2 ~3 G
be dishonest. But continuous lying in the mind, a disease to which the Anglo-3 G4 f+ C/ D$ n
Saxon is peculiarly exposed, (英国老就爱犯这种病)spells(=brings about) the
+ `- j7 \7 g' x8 Z( i1 r: _destruction of human thought and character.
, \$ y  l+ s0 |& }& eabbot 方丈
. \$ t. W! _* c8 K) Wuntruthful  爱说谎的0 m/ C; Z2 S* f
My family is well off/honeyed.9 U: \9 D( l8 H( W, }) H
should the burden 肩负责任
  s4 }2 M1 `; ~  |mental enjoyment 思想的幸福
  T3 \1 M7 i9 ^4 Edestined fate 注定的命运  turn againt her fate 与她的命运抗争 tuberculosis ' p* Y4 X# A# Z+ Y$ T! Y+ Z) e: r
肺结核% b0 Y& H" k7 [+ ]" E! g% `
accord vt. =grant    He was accorded the permission to enter the library.
% E7 G6 }) ]5 d) ~# g- l, o5 F) M  to accord the guest a warm welcome.
% V4 G1 R# G7 d, Ron the part of us= for our part = in terms of ourselves  For our part, we ( I3 H) j. s: W/ e5 P% e3 I3 m& _
have no objection.
$ o- s9 b; y7 @; x1 ?  |9 c9 Aamity n. ----mostly used in between nations  , harmony---family,    concord--  C/ c- z8 o: B. m3 h% E  h
--nations and peoples, ----national concord  民族团结  Our family members
, @5 |6 u% u2 H, f6 F( t3 ^5 Ware/live in harmony/amity/concord) ?% ^$ I/ w" i+ M4 {) l
I am obsessed with too much assignment. 烦 (程度加深)vex-annoy-irritate , v9 j7 e' P! V1 p( K- [
I am obsessed with sth./sb. 迷住) ]) n9 Z5 |( _! i( }' Z1 J
render  致使，给予A serious illness rendered/made him rather weak.   render
9 n) \, V  E7 T0 Tthanks to sb. 答谢% `3 e) `/ A9 F0 P5 W/ w
render sb a favor/  render sth into English 翻译/render a role in the movie 1 j" P" J  h# ?
扮演
; J" Q9 @- {- PHe is in servitude. 没自由$ Y3 \) b4 Y8 \: D! J. \
sex appeal 性感
6 i9 r4 k: ?* N1 ^1 L. Varrant a. =sheer=out and out贬义 =downright
6 ?6 `8 N! C) N" c: Espare me 饶了我把
! Q+ g' ?6 R( h! k: sadj. weak kneed/fainthearted/spineless/shrinking/           n.  chicken/craven/
+ N8 T3 \! N0 K4 t1 l$ Ycoward
; ~  X, H) K0 K7 W6 islide into=slip into 不知不觉地陷入I slide into the bad habit of rising
& y) i: B/ g, n! `1 u% J; j& b late. I am late riser.
3 b* w- v1 W% E7 W5 ~) g-tude  名词后缀2 V6 o6 e7 @& b2 f  m
clumsy/inept/bungling6 S( R" v1 V2 {2 @7 d9 V+ w
excess/unduly/extreme/immoderate/immodest/overmuch  过量，过分( N% ]7 H8 R8 \6 p1 n) `
debased 指人ignoble/abject/coarse/contemptible
2 @, N( @9 F$ U3 ~* X" d9 p7 Breject+抽象词+idea. habit     /abandon+sth /discard+具体+clothes /toss up
4 y* e) k6 ~% G# `# T' Q往上扔硬币/
* V" D7 y) y- W' Q3 Sacute eyes/eagle eyes/observant eyes/decerning eyes

bat eyes/
  n* ~8 `1 v/ _( qI am on look-out for sth.  提防  on the alert/on the guard/8 l7 l- V0 {7 _! s+ j; D! j0 d+ a
thrust/cast  sth aside  把。。扔到一边 thrust my English aside ,   thrust / t9 ?! B8 v8 f% ]
one's way through the crowd / elbow one's way,  挤出人群， thrust five yuan
3 M# j7 n2 k' |+ |# B/ sinto my hand 塞给 thrusting 盛气凌人/ _: w) H+ N+ f8 I& |3 z
Girls don't want to expose themselves in the sun.  Be exposed to ----Students
$ }8 b* ]( |8 z2 B: b% Wshould be exposed to more reading.
' b# [8 h8 Z+ Zspell---导致lead to/result in/invite/incur/     Pride spells failure. + J4 E/ A2 m8 G  E$ s
Anglo-Saxon  ----449-1066 , 410--Roman Empire falls--Roman troop retreat 7 v0 F6 f& {, b+ A
from Britain ----由Celtic 凯尔特人(土著居民)占据----后来了三波人---North
8 }* f' \" Y/ j/ l2 L7 BEurope, Sweden, Norway,Danmark 演变成Anglo--Saxon, 诺曼底登陆来了Willians一# D5 }) \# `/ j9 o) Y$ ^6 A" g
世, 带来很多法国文化